tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8456904899301202762024-03-08T13:39:08.975-08:00German essay writingHow To Write Paper For PublicationNakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845690489930120276.post-73839517763035807892020-08-26T04:59:00.001-07:002020-08-26T04:59:16.536-07:00All About Common Chinese Punctuation MarksAbout Common Chinese Punctuation Marks Chinese accentuation marks are utilized to compose and explain composed Chinese. Chinese accentuation marks are comparative in capacity to English accentuation checks yet once in a while contrast in the structure or look. Every Chinese character are kept in touch with a uniform size, and this size additionally stretches out to accentuation marks, so Chinese accentuation checks ordinarily occupy more room than their English partners. Chinese characters can be composed either vertically or on a level plane, so the Chinese accentuation marks alter position contingent upon the course of the content. For instance, enclosures and quotes are pivoted 90 degrees when composed vertically, and the full stop mark is put beneath and to one side of the last character when composed vertically. Regular Chinese Punctuation Marks Here are the most regularly utilized Chinese accentuation marks: Full Stop The Chinese full stop is a little circle that takes the space of one Chinese character. The Mandarin name of the full stop is Ã¥ ¥Ã¨â¢Ã¿/Ã¥ ¥Ã¥ · (jã ¹ ho). It is utilized toward the finish of a basic or complex sentence, as in these models: è «â¹Ã¤ ½ Ã¥ ¹ «Ã¦Ë'è ² ·Ã¤ ¸â¬Ã¤ » ½Ã¥ ±Ã§'â¢Ã£â¬âè ¯ ·Ã¤ ½ Ã¥ ¸ ®Ã¦Ë'ä ¹ °Ã¤ ¸â¬Ã¤ » ½Ã¦Å ¥Ã§ º ¸Ã£â¬âQà ng nç bä ng wç' mçži yä « fã ¨n bozhà .Please assist me with purchasing a newspaper.é ¯ ¨Ã© Å¡Ã¦Ë ¯Ã§ ¸Ã© ¡Å¾Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦Ë ¯Ã© šé ¡Å¾Ã¨ â¢Ã¨ Ã¦Ë ¯Ã§ ¸Ã© ¡Å¾Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦Ë ¯Ã© ³ ¥Ã© ¡Å¾Ã£â¬âé ² ¸Ã© ± ¼Ã¦Ë ¯Ã¥â¦ ½Ã§ ± »Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦Ë ¯Ã© ± ¼Ã§ ± »Ã¨ â¢Ã¨ Ã¦Ë ¯Ã¥â¦ ½Ã§ ± »Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦Ë ¯Ã© ¸Å¸Ã§ ± »Ã£â¬âJà «ngyà º shã ¬ shã ²u lã ¨i, bã ºshã ¬ yã º lã ¨i; biä nfã º shã ¬ shã ²u lã ¨i, bã ºshã ¬ niçžo là ¨i.Whales are vertebrates, not fish; bats are warm blooded animals, not feathered creatures. Comma The Mandarin name of the Chinese comma is éâ¬â"èâ¢Ã¿/éâ¬â"Ã¥ · (dã ²u ho). It is equivalent to the English comma, aside from it takes the space of one full character and is situated in the line. It is utilized to isolate provisos inside a sentence, and to show stops. Here are a few models: Ã¥ ¦âæžÅ"é ¢ ±Ã© ¢ ¨Ã¤ ¸ ä ¾â æË'Ã¥â¬'Ã¥ ° ±Ã¥â¡ ºÃ¥Å"â¹Ã¦â"⦠è ¡Å"ãâ¬âÃ¥ ¦âæžÅ"Ã¥ °Ã© £Å¾Ã¤ ¸ æ ¥Ã¦Ë'ä » ¬Ã¥ ° ±Ã¥â¡ ºÃ¥âº ½Ã¦â"⦠è ¡Å'ãâ¬âRà ºguÃ' tifäng bã ¹ li, wç'men jiã ¹ chÃ¥ « guã ³ lÃÅ¡xà ng.If the storm doesn't come, we will travel abroad.ç ¾Ã¥Å" ¨Ã§Å¡âé⺠»Ã¨â¦ ¦Ã§Å"Ã¿Ã¦Ë ¯Ã§â ¡Ã¦â°â¬Ã¤ ¸ èÆ' ½Ã£â¬âçž °Ã¥Å" ¨Ã§Å¡âç µÃ¨â'çÅ"Ã¿Ã¦Ë ¯Ã¦â" æâ°â¬Ã¤ ¸ èÆ' ½Ã£â¬âXinzi de dinnçžo, zhänshã ¬ wã º suç' bã ¹ nà ©ng.Modern PCs, they are genuinely basic. Count Comma The count comma is utilized to isolate list things. It is a short scramble going from upper left to base right. The Mandarin name of the identification comma is é èâ¢Ã¿/é ¡ ¿Ã¥ · (dã ¹n ho). The contrast between the specification comma and the standard comma can be found in the accompanying model: Ã¥â"Å"ã⬠æâ¬'ã⬠åâ¬Ã£â¬ æ ¨âã⬠æââºÃ£â¬ æÆ' ¡Ã£â¬ æ ¬ ²Ã¥ «Ã¥ šä ¸Æ'æÆ'⦠ãâ¬âÃ¥â"Å"ã⬠æâ¬'ã⬠åâ¬Ã£â¬ ä ¹ Ã£â¬ Ã§Ë ±Ã£â¬ æ ¶Ã£â¬ æ ¬ ²Ã¥ «Ã¥ šä ¸Æ'æÆ'⦠ãâ¬âXà , nã ¹, à i, lã ¨, I, à ¨, yã ¹, jiozuã ² qä « qà ng.Happiness, outrage, pity, happiness, love, loathe, and want are known as the seven interests. Colon, Semicolon, Question Mark, and the Exclamation Mark These four Chinese accentuation marks are equivalent to their English partners and have a similar utilization as in English. Their names are as per the following: ColonÃ¥â 'èâ¢Ã¿/Ã¥â 'Ã¥ · (mo ho) - Semicolon - Ã¥Ëâ èâ¢Ã¿/Ã¥Ëâ Ã¥ · (fänho) - Question Mark - å⢠èâ¢Ã¿/éâ" ®Ã¥ · (wã ¨nho) - Exclamation Mark - é ©Å¡Ã¥Ëâ èâ¢Ã¿/æÆ'Å¡Ã¥ ¹Ã¥ · (jä «ng tn ho) - Quotes Quotes are called Ã¥ ¼â¢Ã¨â¢Ã¿/Ã¥ ¼â¢Ã¥ · (yç n ho) in Mandarin Chinese. There are both single and twofold statement marks, with the twofold statements utilized inside the single statements: ãâ¬Å"...ãâ¬Å¾...ã⬠...ã⬠Western-style quotes are utilized in streamlined Chinese, yet customary Chinese uses the images as appeared previously. They are utilized for cited discourse, accentuation and some of the time for formal people, places or things and titles. è⬠å ¸ «Ã¨ ª ªÃ£â¬Å"ä ½ Ã¥â¬'è ¦ è ¨Ëä ½ Ã¥Å"â¹Ã§Ë ¶Ã¨ ª ªÃ§Å¡âãâ¬Å¾Ã© 'Ã¥ ¹'è ¦ ç «â¹Ã¥ ¿â"Ã¥ Å¡Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¤ ºâ¹Ã¤ ¸ è ¦ Ã¥ Å¡Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¥ ®Ëã⬠éâ¬â¢Ã¥ ¥Ã¨ © ±Ã£â¬âã⬠è⬠å ¸Ëè ¯'ââ¬Å"ä ½ ä » ¬Ã¨ ¦ è ® °Ã¤ ½ å⺠½Ã§Ë ¶Ã¨ ¯'çšâââ¬Ëé 'Ã¥ ¹'è ¦ ç «â¹Ã¥ ¿â"Ã¥ Å¡Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¤ ºâ¹Ã¤ ¸ è ¦ Ã¥ Å¡Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¥ ®Ëââ¬â¢Ã¨ ¿â¢Ã¥ ¥Ã¨ ¯ ãâ¬ââ⬠LÃŽoshà « shuÃ¥ : ââ¬Å"Nà men yo jã ¬zhu Guã ³fã ¹ shuÃ¥ de ââ¬Ëqä «ngnin yo lã ¬ zhã ¬ zuã ² dshã ¬, bã ¹yo zuã ² d guä nââ¬â¢ zhã ¨ jã ¹ hu.â⬠The instructor stated: ââ¬Å"You must recall the expressions of Sun Yat-sen - ââ¬ËYouth ought to be resolved to do enormous things, not to make huge government.ââ¬â¢ Nakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845690489930120276.post-81482383600291090592020-08-22T07:02:00.001-07:002020-08-22T07:02:27.575-07:00Representational photograph Essay ExampleIllustrative photo Paper So what is unique about this photograph? In Semiotics this image is distinguished as a Representational photo which present us with an issue since they regularly seem to have been brought about by genuine occasions (Sean Hall 2007, 16) The utilization of semiotics in this image had empowered watchers to comprehend the view of the genuine word. It gave them a thought of what the life resembles in nations where lion's share individuals and creatures are starvation. Kevin Carter realized that this image would have been tensioning on the grounds that the kid in the photograph was honest, poor, delicate, sad and frail. The presence of vulture wanting to make a supper from babies substance is stressing in light of the fact that the youngster will be its prey, which is terrible for mankind. Typically the vultures in poor nations regularly in African landmass are answerable for cleaning the earth and they are esteemed for their reality since government is unequipped for finishing this obligation. Hypothetically Kevin Carter had caught a second where he proposes what may have preceded the second and what may happen after it. The tranquility of the activity is the idea that makes story strain and desire. We will compose a custom exposition test on Representational photo explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Representational photo explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Representational photo explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer With successful examination of an image with semiotics; this photo would feature the genuine and upsetting distinction between how we may feel about a picture of a real demise. Vultures are unequipped for executing a go after their own. This is the principle motivation behind why Kevin Carter put two living elements in a single casing as both are unfit and needing food with the end goal for them to endure. They are both battling for their reality. The young lady is short good ways from the camp however doesn't appear to can possibly continue. The stance of the young lady means that her capacity has reached a conclusion and going to free the skirmish of sticking to the life. A powerful translation of signs empowers watchers to comprehend the possibility that is attempted to be conveyed. Another undertone the watchers get from this image is the impact of Humanitarian debacle. In Africa the fundamental cataclysmic event is draughtiness. The image was taken in a radiant day which gives the watchers presumption that Sudan is progressively similar to a desert where its exceptionally difficult to improve the territory to help Sudanese inhabitants. In this recognition the utilization of semiotics empowers watchers to comprehend that the present circumstance is deteriorating step by step and something must be finished. This photograph carries tension to the watchers when the utilization of semiotics becomes possibly the most important factor to clarify how this significance is created from signs and codes in the casing for example the young lady, the vulture, the dried harvests and the dirt. In detail the dried yields on the foundation are a sign which gives this thought to the watchers of battling deserted territory. Comparable to this Global warming is another undertone which may be a presumption that is grown up around the signs, for example, dried soil stresses that there hasnt been a drop of downpour at Sudan for quite a while. Reasonably in Semiotics terms an inability to distinguish the easygoing connection between the signifier and the meant is significant when we understand that a disappointment can bring about human risk. The stance of the gaunt young lady empowers watchers to think profound and urges watchers to ask them selves the inquiry of what are the chances the young lady is alive today? They at that point arrive at the resolution that she is most likely dead or on the off chance that she is alive she presumably has changeless harm in the wake of experiencing such a troublesome time of starvation. In this image with the utilization of semiotics, riddle gives the perusers a spot for theory. Kevin Carter utilizes a story snapshot of life which the watchers can just ponder. Others put themselves in Kevin Carters shoes. There have been such a significant number of contentions that the picture taker ought to have interceded as quickly as time permits as opposed to snapping the picture and truly its one of the speculations of his definitive death.à The trouble position of the young lady could likewise be accused on common war that has been proceeding for a quarter century. Her folks nonappearance gives the watchers an idea that they have been a survivor of brutality or a contamination of dangerous sickness which is another large causal of death in Sudan. Here we understand the worth and viability of Semiotics which permits the perusers to see and see how importance is assembled and ignored in a visual picture of Kevin Carters grant winning photo. Also it empowers the watchers to consider scope of implications and attributions that are offered from blends of signs in the frame.à This picture carries uncertainty to Theist watchers, regardless of whether if God exists or not. The stance of Sudanese young ladies is the sign that carries pressure to the continuous contentions of presence of god. On the off chance that there is a divine being, it would not permit the sweet blameless young lady to be in this sickening circumstance which shock the watchers. At ideological degree of this image a few people recollect the ineptitude of humankind. Rather than cash being spent on weapons and war it would be truly positive to stop a large number of both human and creatures endure terribly day by day. Thusly a successful utilization of semiotics empowers watchers to understand their own activity and urges them to change their disposition towards factors. For instance from Kevin Carters Picture a last idea of Unfortunate Africa is evoked which urges watchers to be progressively beneficent and dynamic for an improvement towards destitution. Be that as it may, then again William Leiss contended that viable investigation of media relies upon people individual abilities .can do minimal more than express the conspicuous in a complex and frequently self important way (Leiss et al. 1990, 214). This would imply that semiotics would not be extremely valuable for certain people as it doesn't give any profit to them of dissecting an image all the more adequately. In this occurrence our capacity to translate and decipher a message relies especially upon what we think about and how we judge. (Sean Hall 2007, 32) Semiotics can likewise convince people to make wrong investigation of a media source. The goal is the end point in the excursion of the message which could imply that the message can be modified during its excursion in view of an equivocalness in its appearance. Hypothetically Dominic Strinati inferred that the connection among signifiers and meant might be ontologically subjective yet not socially. Strinati, Dominic (1995, 125). Reasonably a lot of roses could imply enthusiasm between two sweethearts. On the off chance that its deciphered along these lines, an individual would be predisposition on the social relationship which the sign is found. For instance they could have in truth been sent as an affront, joke, provocation, etc. In this model semiotics can't be viewed as a valuable way to deal with the examination of the media since individuals could make translation which would change their perspectives and practices towards certain concepts.à Another impediment of semiotics is that there is no last determination of a visual picture. There are such huge numbers of thoughts evoked from the image which confounds the people conviction. In this model it carries uncertainty to the person which makes them awkward. In basic terms people are not controlled by semiotics process yet are molded by them. End Semiotics can be viewed as critical expertise for individuals who need to comprehend the multifaceted nature and precise examination of media which is a significant component of the cutting edge world. The individuals who doesnt have this fundamental expertise are at risk for those talented ones, where there own conclusions will control them. Bill Nichols has made this understood in one his books insofar as signs are delivered, we will be obliged to get them. This involves nothing not as much as endurance (Nichols 1981, 8). Given that media is the focal idea of correspondence, individuals presently make progressively exact examination of visual and literary language contrasted with bygone eras. Nakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845690489930120276.post-33858333058460652722020-08-14T14:44:00.001-07:002020-08-14T14:44:02.834-07:00Even College Social Drinkers Can Experience BlackoutsEven College Social Drinkers Can Experience Blackouts Addiction Alcohol Use Print Even College Social Drinkers Can Experience Blackouts By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on January 27, 2020 Geber86 / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Alcohol is still the most popular and widely used drug for college students. It is estimated that almost 75% of all college students are current drinkers, and many of them engage in binge drinking. With that many students drinking to excess on a regular basis a certain percentage of them are going to experience memory blackouts, and that can present problems as these young drinkers engage in risky behaviors during those blackout periods. People experiencing blackouts can make dangerous choices when their judgment, impulse control, and decision-making ability is impaired by intoxication. And, research shows that female students are at even greater risk of making hazardous choices during blackouts compared to male students. Researchers at Duke University Medical Center conducted a survey of 772 college students to examine the issue of blackouts. Almost Half Had Experienced a Blackout Results of the email survey included: 74.2% of students drank within the past two weeks9.4% had experienced a blackout in the past two weeks40% had a blackout in the past 12 months This study shows that the common assumption that blackouts only happen to alcoholics is wrong, said Aaron White, Ph.D., an assistant research professor of psychiatry at Duke and lead author of the study. It is very possible for social drinkers, such as the students we surveyed, to experience blackouts if they overdo their consumption of alcohol. The study suggests that college students are much more familiar with blackouts than many people, including us, assumed. Frequency of Blackouts The student group surveyed was evenly divided among freshmen, sophomores, juniors and seniors, and between males and females. All students included in the survey were 18 years or older. The 19-point survey asked students for information on demographics, drinking habits, family history of problems with alcohol, the frequency of blackouts and the types of events the students later learned they had participated in during the blackout episode. During a blackout, an individual is capable of participating in salient, emotionally-charged events but will have no recollection of what has occurred, White reported. Many students in the study indicated that they later learned they had engaged in a wide range of risky activities during their blackouts - such as having unprotected sexual intercourse, vandalizing property or driving a car - which could have led to serious health or legal consequences. Making Hazardous Choices White said that due to the high level of intoxication needed to experience a blackout, other psychological processes may also be impaired. Impairments in judgment, decision-making, and impulse control could lead an individual to make potentially hazardous choices during blackouts, White said. The survey revealed that although female students drank less heavily than male students, they were just as likely to have blackouts, which could put them at greater risk for a variety of negative consequences. Rapid Consumption May Be a Key The Duke researchers believe consuming large quantities of alcohol very quickly increases the risk of blackouts because it increases the drinkers blood alcohol content at a rate that catches the brain regions critical in the formation of memories unprepared to deal with that much alcohol. When alcohol is consumed slowly, the body has time to develop enough of a degree of tolerance to protect the brain from blackouts. A Dangerous Rite of Passage In college, in general, young people are living independently for the first time in their lives, said H. Scott Swartzwelder, Ph.D., clinical professor of psychiatry at Duke, a senior research career scientist with the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and a study co-author. With new freedoms, many adolescents go into an experimental mode which could include experimenting with alcohol and heavy drinking. Alcohol consumption is often viewed as a rite of passage for young adults and has become widely accepted throughout American culture, but people should be aware that the culture of drinking is quite different than it was some years ago. Many students today drink specifically to get drunk. This increases the risk of all sorts of consequences, including blackouts. Long-Term Consequences These study findings are very important because they support a large literature suggesting that students are consuming large quantities of alcohol and that they will suffer consequences, said Fulton T. Crews, Ph.D., director of the Center for Alcohol Studies at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Brain damage incurred during adolescence may become significant later in life as the processes of aging reduce the reserve capacity of individuals, he said. Degenerative problems may become more prominent as people get older. So the risks of these types of episodes are not only the risks of trauma and harm during the blackout, but could include long-term consequences to health later in life. The Duke scientists suggest that standard alcohol-awareness training for students should include more information about blackouts, why they happen, and the potential dangers. We want to provide students with information that will help them make good, informed decisions regarding their use of alcohol, said White. It is important for students to know what blackouts are and what factors seem to increase the risk of blackout occurrence so that they can be avoided. Nakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845690489930120276.post-30566198505923121352020-05-24T01:22:00.001-07:002020-05-24T01:22:02.847-07:00WEBER Surname Meaning and Family History Weber is an occupational surname given to one skilled in the ancient craft of weaving, from the Middle High German word wà «ber,à a derivative of weben, meaning to weave.à The Weber surname is sometimes Anglicized as Webber or Weaver. Weber is the 6th most common German surname. It is also frequently found as aà Czech, Hungarian, Polish orà Slovenian surname.à WEBB andà WEAVER are English variants of the name. Surname Origin: German Alternate Surname Spellings:à WEEBER, WEBBER, WEBERE, WEBERER, WAEBER, WEYBER, WEBERN, VON WEBER, VON WEBBER Famous People With the WEBERà Surname Max Weberà -à 19th-century German sociologist and one of the founders of modern sociologyCarl Maria von Webber -à German composer, conductor, pianist andà guitaristConstanze Weber - wife of Wolfgang Amadeus MozartAlfred Weber - German economist, geographer, and sociologistJohn Henry Weber - American fur trader and explorerJoseph Weber - American physicistLudwig Weber -à German Protestant pastor and social reformer Where Is the WEBER Surname Most Common? According to surname distribution from Forebears, WEBER is the 3rd most common surname in Germany. It is also very common in Switzerland, where it ranks 7th, and Austria, where it is the 19th most prevalent last name. While Weber is common throughout Germany, WorldNames PublicProfiler indicates it is most frequent in southwestern Germany, in the regions of Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, and Hessen. Weber is also a very common surname in Gussing, Austria. Genealogy Resources for the Surname WEBER Weberà Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Weberà family crest or coat of arms for the Weber surname.à Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. Weber Y-Chromosome DNAà Surname ProjectWEBERs from all over the world are participating in this group DNA project in an attempt to learn more about Weber family origins. The website includes information on the project, the research done to date, and instructions on how to participate. WEBERà Family Genealogy ForumFree message board is focused on descendants of Weberà ancestors around the world. FamilySearch - WEBERà GenealogyExplore over 5 million results from digitizedà historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Weberà surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. WEBERà Surname Mailing ListFree mailing list for researchers of the Weberà surname and its variations includes subscription details and a searchable archives of past messages. DistantCousin.com - WEBERà Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Weber. GeneaNet - Weberà RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Weberà surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Weber Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Weberà surname from the website of Genealogy Today. References: Surname Meanings & Origins Cottle, Basil.à Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.à Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.à Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges.à A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.à Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.à A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.à American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Nakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845690489930120276.post-31522949634333042252020-05-13T01:42:00.001-07:002020-05-13T01:42:04.799-07:00Applied Behavior Analysis In Psychology - 852 Words This method was implemented alongside of the studentââ¬â¢s typical Applied Behavior Analysis interventions. The researchers addressed certain elements they wanted to monitor in the students. These were eye contact, length of time being seated, body posture, body awareness, balance and depth perceptions, imitation, receptive skills related to spatial relationships, and self-injurious behavior (Radhakrishna et al., 2010). The results from this study were broken up into three parts: baseline characteristics, impact on the symptoms associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder, and effects on the behaviors, communication skills, imitation, and repetitive behaviors. During the beginning practices, the behaviors that were coming up in the classroomsâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Many researchers believe that individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder receive input from their muscle movements better than from their eyes and ears, like a typically developing individual would (Goldberg, 2004). Some individuals respond well to deep squeezes or pressure on their bodies. An example of this would be weighted blankets or weighted vests that are often used as calming techniques in classrooms. The act of putting physical movement with language prompts improved the studentsââ¬â¢ ability to recall information, imitation skills, and receptive responses to verbal cues. Research suggests that the central nervous system in individuals with Autism processes information differently. This may cause an over or under stimulation. The use of repetitive behaviors is often used for students to cope with an over stimulation or a frustrating feeling that they may be experiencing. The repetitiveness of the Integrated Approach to Yoga Therapy may have made the children in the study experience a sense of calmness and comfort. Impaired social skills are often associated Autism Spectrum Disorder. Social skills are described as the abilities to interact with other people. This can be through verba l and non-verbal cues. Receptive and expressive language skills are necessary to initiating and maintainingShow MoreRelatedCognitive And Intellectual Disorders, By Dr. Brian Iwata Essay1186 Words à |à 5 PagesIntroduction As a professor of psychology and psychiatry at the University of Florida, Dr. Brian Iwata is the fieldââ¬â¢s foremost researcher on functional analysis methodology of problematic behaviors. He has held faculty positions at both Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Western Michigan University before settling down at the University of Florida. 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It is closelyRead MoreIntroduction to Cross-Cultural Psychology1133 Words à |à 5 PagesRunning head: Introduction to Cross-Cultural Psychology Anne Solomon Diversity and Cultural Factors in Psychology/PSY450 Professor Iman Turner July 3, 2011 Introduction to Cross-Cultural Psychology Cross-cultural psychology is the critical and comparative study of the effects on human psychology. Cross-cultural psychology draws its conclusions from at least two samples that represent at least two cultural groups. Because cross-cultural psychology is about comparisons, it is crucial to useRead MoreBehavior Analysis : The Scientific Study Of Behavior1296 Words à |à 6 Pages Behavior analysis is the scientific study of behavior. The two main areas of focus within the field are experimental analysis of behavior and applied behavior analysis. The experimental analysis of behavior studies how behavior is learned and changes over time and is the scientific foundation of applied behavior analysis. Through the use of applied behavior analysis a practitioner is able to systematically identify the variables involved in socially significant behaviors and influence a change Nakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845690489930120276.post-43533180327836745442020-05-06T13:12:00.001-07:002020-05-06T13:12:32.095-07:00Bae Assignment Free Essays string(33) " all together is very difficult\." BAE Business Case Study Submitted by: Susan Pacheco April 17, 2013 Table of Contents Part 1: Executive Summary3 Part 2: Main Issue4 Part 3: Systemic Issues4 Leadership Project Management issues4 Political Pressure to Fast-Track Project5 Design Issues5 Communication Breakdowns6 City Involvement (Delays)6 BAE Conditions on Contract Signing (April 1992)6 Part 4: Environmental Root cause Analysis7 Qualitative Analysis:7 Project Management7 People (Unqualified):8 Build-Design8 Economic Political Considerations8 Success with United Airlines9 Part 5: Alternatives and/or Options:9 Alternative A9 Alternative B11 Part 6: Recommendations and Implementation11 Recommendation:11 Recommendations Implementation Plan:12 Part 7: Monitor and Control:13 Part 8: Conclusion:13 Part 9: References, Exhibits and Appendixes13 Part 1: Executive Summary In order to address the immediate issue of the letter received by the City Mayor holding us responsible for the delay of the new baggage system by charging BAE a penalty of $12k/day backdated to October 29, 1993 and also requesting a charge back for the $50M tug-and-cart baggage backup system, immediate action and priority needs to be given to address this accusation. A prompt analysis of our project plan and missed milestones with reasons and factual data is critical in defending our position. We need to prove where certain milestones outside our control were missed and the domino effect it created and where dependencies to our commitments were broken and by whom. We will write a custom essay sample on Bae Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now There were many points at which we voiced our concerns on the project delays and access issues that further hindered our ability to perform but no one took responsibility or acknowledged the delay. In addition, the Build-Design approach has in itself created many hurdles and time delays outside our control as well as created unfavourable working conditions that were unsustainable for our teams. Our current situation is a mere symptom of a lack of a proper project management structure and qualified personnel at DIA. Also lack of sponsorship by the city Mayor has created silos and a negative effect on the project flow. The build-design approach is one of the biggest issues but with proper management it can be overcome. Based on BAEââ¬â¢s experience and successful past projects, we can confidently recommend a new structure that has worked in past projects. Given that history I feel we need to propose a drastic change to DIAââ¬â¢s Project Management team and propose a new structure which includes a new Project Manager to oversee the entire project team, appointment of additional team members (see Appendix 1) and new hires with the right skill sets. See Appendix 2 to see RACI Matrix proposal. The proposal is to continue with the new airport wide baggage system implementation only under the condition that DIA restructure their project management team and obtains sponsorship from the City Mayor and Aviation Director. A team approach must be understood by all parties involved as there are too many moving parts and it is impossible to expect BAE to independently manage all moving parts for what is out of our control especially with a Build-Design plan. This new platform will allow BAE and DIAââ¬â¢s members to educate, make timely critical decisions, identify risks and critical milestones and hold members accountable for their respective roles. Assuming our proposal is accepted, the overall expected timing from initial contact to identifying risks under the new team structure is 9 weeks. With this plan, a backup system would not be required, thereby avoiding this $50M additional cost. The seriousness of this accusation would put BAE at permanent financial risk if not bankruptcy. Promptness and priority in handling this situation is critical. Beyond the financial impact, there is also the reputation BAE has always enjoyed as being a leader in the marketplace worldwide can also have a negative effect on current and future projects with other institutions. Part 2: Main Issue City of Denver issued a penalty request of $12k/day backdated to original start-up completion date of October 29, 1993 including a $50 M charge back for a tug-and-cart baggage backup system. This main issue is a result of the systemic issues which are listed below. Part 3: Systemic Issues Leadership Project Management issues Shared leadership between city of Denver Consultant team created many inefficiencies, duplicate work and lack of real ownership. Additionally no organizational structure change at DIA was ever made to accommodate this new baggage system project. Further complicating the matter was the communication channels and roles between city, PMT and consultants were not defined or controlled. All were working in silos. Engineers are inefficiently creating piles of change documentation that are not really managed or communicated. Waste of time just to cover their tracks. There is NO real qualified Project Manager to oversee the entire project and bridge the gap between DIA and their top Carriers United Continental, City Council and BAE. We have been expected to manage the project with everyone working in their silos with no real support or team goal or management as a whole. In order to keep things moving along, we need a DIA counterpart to produce engineering alternatives and make quick decisions on cost, alternatives, scheduling etc. Currently there are too many chefs in the kitchen with no real one person in charge. They had to balance project administration political and social responsibilities. The Working Area 4 Managers that was assigned to us have no experience in airport construction, baggage system technologies or new technologies, their main experience is in construction project control management. As such they donââ¬â¢t know how to properly support our requests and needs to keep the project going forward. In addition to this since there is no project manager in charge and lack of proper structure we have to liaise with and to obtain feedback from each Concourse Senior manager and Main terminal manager. It is apparent that they each operate independently making any agreement difficult as we need to transcend the decisions and get agreement across all four managers. It is apparent that they each are making independant decisions and trying to tie them all together is very difficult. You read "Bae Assignment" in category "Papers" This creates further bottlenecks for us. Lack of a designated project manager to oversee and manage inputs/outputs from the City, DIA and BAE created a painful process, hurt relationships and lack of accountability and control. Head of DIA project resigned and death of Chief Airport Engineer Walter Slinger (Oct. 1992), a strong proponent of the baggage system and closely involved in negotiations with us had a significant impact on the project. He was a decisive, empowered decision maker who knew how to address problems and get them resolved promptly. His successor Gail Edmond was not successful in carrying ut the same duties as she was much less experienced and lacked the autonomy, experience and guts to make much needed quick decisions. Her hands were tied with red tape and took much longer to make any decisions. Overall we had a poor relationship with the management team who had no prior baggage handling competence or experience. The project was mainly treated as a major public works project resulting in a lack of support when we needed it for any of our complaints on timing, access etcâ⬠¦ Political Pressure to Fast-Track Project There were many factors that influenced and pressured this project to a fast-track pace which had some resulting serious consequences both in delays and cost. This pushed the project into a Build-Design project which had created some major delays and cost increases. Some of the other influencing factors are as follows: * DBO Date of Beneficial Occupancy payback date of January 1, 1994 * Project Management Team pressured to push project ahead at all cost due to long periods of assessment, negotiation and final approvals. Political pressure from Mayor to force project through a fast-track for their own political stature gain and public optics Design Issues The decision to install a new large scale airport-wide baggage system came after the building design was already determined and we were faced with fully defined project specs which underplayed the importance and significance of some important requirements of a baggage system (space, electrical power needs, building structure requirem ents, ventilation and air conditioning to dissipate) These issues created further bottlenecks and delays in our implementation. Further delays and changes resulted from DIAââ¬â¢s lack of consulting with and conducting a needs assessment with their two top carriers United Continental which accounted for more than 70% of passenger traffic prior to project start. Their needs were never incorporated into the initial design and program, as a result further changes were requested to design and software just 6 months prior to the needed opening date. We had to deal with this even though the mechanical and software designs were supposed to be frozen. Communication Breakdowns We communicated to United we would need 1 more year to get system up and running but no one listened nor was the message passed along to DIA or the City. We also at many points tried to engage DIA about the delays, access issues and construction bottlenecks that was causing direct delays in our work and we were not given precedent or access when needed. Infact the attitude was that these construction workers were not reporting to BAE to have to listen. City Involvement (Delays) Law restrictions forcing 30% of minority-owned firms and 6% women. This law forced us to forgo our original proposal of using our own qualified employees in lieu of external outside contractors which estimated an increased cost of approximately 60%. Some of our expertise was lost due to this fact in addition to causing further delays to our project. In Sept. 1993 we went into maintenance negotiations which lead to a 2 day strike of 300 millwrights that was joined by 200 electricians over a $8/hr delta pay dispute. We lost the maintenance contract as well as a 2 day delay. BAE Conditions on Contract Signing (April 1992) The conditions and milestones we placed upon accepting the job was not respected by the city or adhered to, nor was there any provisions made to address issues along the way. ( i. e. freeze dates for mechanical design, software design, power requirements and the like, all around access, timely completion of certain areas, provision of permanent power, computer roomsâ⬠¦ these were all set as milestones in our project plan. The city had agreed to these conditions with unrestricted access with priority for BAE equipment yet we didnââ¬â¢t even have reasonable access. For example: * Electricians had to leave work where concrete grinders were creating clouds of dust, * Fumes from chemical sealants forced others to flea * Trucks blocking and restricting * Design Freeze dates not adhered to: Airlines requested changes to system designing even though mechanical/software designs were frozen. (6 months prior to opening airport, still moving equipment around, changing controls and software design! * Energy issues ââ¬â City unable to supply ââ¬Å"cleanâ⬠electricity to the baggage system. Motors and circuitry used in system extremely sensitive to power surges and fluctuations. Filters were purchased to correct the problem and a City Worker cancelled a contract without realising that the filters were part of it. Filters arrived several months later in March 1994. 1. Construction already begun on terminal and concourses with substantial changes needed on construction to accommodate expanded system. We wrote a letter to city (Jan, 29, 1995) to request prompt action advising of inability to complete project under these conditions with no response or support. Part 4: Environmental Root cause Analysis Qualitative Analysis: BAE is a highly qualified with a revered reputation, experienced in projects across the US, Europe and Australia in the development, design, manufacture and install and support of every project it undertook from start to finish. We established a strong position in the US accounting for about 90% of U. S. baggage sorting equipment sales. Since 1972 ââ¬â 1994 we had successfully designed, manufactured and installed nearly 70 automated baggage handling systems worth almost $50M at major airports in the US, New York, Dallas-Fort Worth, Chicago, San Francisco, Miami, Newark and Pittsburgh. We also consulted in the installation of a $550M terminal for the New Seoul Metropolitan Airport in South Korea. Given our successful history and past accomplishments, it is without a doubt that our management capabilities and expertise in handling various types of projects, with various types of people and countries, proves our commitment, capabilities and expertise in handling complex variables and situations for every project we undertake. Knowing the strategic importance and complexity of this particular project, we had agreed to take on the project only upon acceptance of certain conditions which was accepted by the City. Many of these conditions were not honored throughout the process causing unnecessary delays, additional costs, strained relationships both with the City and DIA management and hurt our reputation Project Management Lack of communication, ownership and project management both at DIA the City of Denver was the source of this pivotal problem. Since the contract was awarded by the City, they were responsible to enforce the compliance of the agreed upon conditions and communicate and enforce these conditions to DIA and their employees. In turn DIA did not have a specific Project manager to oversee the entire project as a whole and to act as a liaison between us, the City and their Carriers. Instead we were forced to deal with their respective ââ¬Å"Areaâ⬠managers one on one which was counterproductive, time consuming and ineffective. We also had to deal with direct changes from the Carriers themselves which further haulted our project. We were setup for failure given the lack of direction and control at DIAââ¬â¢s side and the Cityââ¬â¢s dogmatic approach to making decisions. For a project of this magnitude, there was no consideration made to employ either Key Managers or Project Manager to oversee, manage and liaise between the three concourse areas. This created some major gaps and no one was there to keep the pulse on the project itself. This was not implemented thus creating a gap in communication, a silo-type attitude amongst decision makers creating no support-system for the major role we played in this implementation. It was apparent that roles between the City, PMT at DIA and Consultants were not defined or controlled. Everyone was working in silos. People (Unqualified): In addition to the management issues, our Assigned Area 4 Managers, lacked the experience in airport construction and baggage system technologies, therefore could not understand the importance and properly support our needs nonetheless handle our requests in a prompt manor. In order to keep things moving along, we needed a DIA counterpart who would be able to produce engineering alternatives and have the autonomy to make decisions. The death of DIAââ¬â¢s Chief Airport Engineer, Walter Slinger created significant impact to our operations as he was decisive and addressed problems promptly. This was an important critical role required for the success of this project. His successor, Gail Edmond lacked the experience, know-how, decision making capabilities and autonomy that further haulted the process. Build-Design The Political pressure to fast-track this project lead to a Build-Design approach to this airport construction which cau sed many unknown risks and design issues that we had to deal with upon commencement. We were unaware of the construction scope and details to be able to fully understand the scope of the project before undertaking. This also lead to a reactive vs. proactive planning. This posed many unknown risks, changes and modifications to our plans along the way. The instability of this process created many points of change, delays and cost additions and we did our best to manage what was in our control. The point is that many of these delays were NOT within our control, nor did we have any support from the city to enforce DIAââ¬â¢s construction project to meet our agreed upon milestones to meet our own obligations. Economic Political Considerations The economy in mid 1980ââ¬â¢s was plummeting with a 37% job loss average across Stapeltons Employment Industries. The Pena administration aggressively promoted the airport relocation, marketing the new airport as a technologically advanced, state-of-the ââ¬â art structure to draw businesses, import federal capital and fund the creation of new jobs with bonded debts to overcome the short-term decline in the economy. It was to become a grand project that would be the main showcase for the Public Works Department. The relationship between BAE and the City was strained primarily because their focus was on airport project speed and bond re-payment and not on the project itself. They were motivated by their own public perception in the political realm. Their ââ¬Å"hands-offâ⬠approach was detrimental in the success of this project and served more as a crutch and hinderance. When it came to asking for support it felt like they were working against us and not with us. Their strength was not in project management but they had the power to make key decisions which influenced and affected our overall success. The added pressure of paying the DBO by Jan 1, 1994 forced quick management decisions, early construction without a full scope analysis and risk mitigation not just with BAE but also with DIA. Forced the Build-Design approach which inherently greatly affected our ability to succeed given the lack of adherence to the agreed conditions. Success with United Airlines Once the contract was signed with United exclusively things went smoothly. The successful implementation of the baggage system with United highlighted what was lacking in dealing with DIA and City directly. The success highlighted and confirmed our ability to manage the project with a partner who understood the technical and project management needs. Part 5: Alternatives and/or Options: Alternative A Continue with the contract for installing the baggage handling system conditional upon the following restructuring requirements: Hiring of new qualified members at DIA. 1. DIA to hire a dedicated qualified Project Manager for the baggage handling system overall project with prior project management experience. One whom understands the key tasks, key players has a strong construction and technological background with project management skills to document, track, address and facilitate the communications between all DIA parties and that of BAE and City Administration. A clear definition of this personââ¬â¢s role, decision-making authority and sponsorship by Senior Management is critical. 2. DIA to hire a new Chief Airport Engineer with strong decision making and leadership skills with the autonomy to make decisions and propose Gail Edmond work under him/her as Chief Associate Engineer. . The new Project Managerââ¬â¢s goal is to gather all appropriate key stakeholders as proposed in Appendix 1 to conduct 3 main initial sessions with all key stakeholders (*see Appendix 1) to: I. Conduct a full risk assessment whereby identifying all risks, prioritise them, have an action plan to mitigate some of them, formulate contingency plans and assign responsible persons to manage the risks. II. Est ablish a Project Objective Statement, and Create a new project master plan, III. Team member establishment: Establish who key players are, their strengths, weaknesses, outlining roles and create a RACI matrix *See Appendix 2 for DIA, BAE, and City for roles and responsibilities for all planning and execution tasks of the project 4. City to hire or appoint a qualified Liaison with construction, engineering and or technical background experience who is solely assigned to this project with no other conflicting priorities with the autonomy to make decisions. This personââ¬â¢s role is to ensure that legislation doesnââ¬â¢t interfere or adversely cause timing risks to the project plan and expedite issues/roadblocks when they arise between DIA, BAE and the city. This proposal is supported by the fact that our design has proven it will work given the proper management setup framework as demonstrated by our successful implemention of the new baggage handling system with United Airlines. The current lack of the ââ¬Å"rightâ⬠project team members will be addressed by this new proposed structure. With the right sponsorship and roject management setup, this will encourage all to be on the same page and working towards the same goal. The added benefit of this is that timelines will be clear and visible and will hold those truly responsible for delays in their respective areas and help them and all team members understand the domino affect and impact it can have on the entire project as a whole. This will discourage the current work â⠬Å"siloâ⬠mentality and will promote an integrated meeting of the minds where risks and opportunities for improvement can be quickly identified, communicated and cascaded to the right people. This will also ensure that the right decision makers are present to make judgement calls on plan changes as they come along and not further hold up the process. This should put the plan back on target and give us a working plan going forward where all key players are informed, consulted and responsible for outcomes. The cost of setting up this new structure is by far a more economical way to get the task done without the added financial burden of creating a new ââ¬Å"backupâ⬠system. Pros: * Renewed Focus on project with key roles and responsibilities outlined setââ¬â¢s clear goals, accountability and ownership. Address risks and enable the team to mitigate them * Clear direction and leadership by all stakeholders and their inputs * Expedite critical milestones and ensure we are on the path * Maintain reputation * No further $ investment for backup system Cons: * New hires required Alternative B Cancel the contract with Denver. Discontinue involvement in any further developm ent unless directly contracted by Carriers. Pros: * Focus on core business Cons * Damaged reputation for BAE * Litigation costs * $12k / day penalty Law suit risk ââ¬â Pay back of $50M Baggage system backup plan Part 6: Recommendations and Implementation Recommendation: Based on my analysis the strategic impact of cancelling the project at this point would further create a bad reputation for BAE, especially considering the current damage already made to BAE by the unsolicited test plan executed by the mayor and the bad press that has already caused. The decision to continue with the project conditional upon a new team structure is a reasonable request given our past successful history and project management expertise. I feel that we have a strong argument for our position backed up by facts that are undeniable and can thus prove our innocence and lack of responsibility for the delay. This will prove to be a sensitive topic as it appears that it is easier to blame us for the delays. With a mutual understanding about the current situation, I believe it will be easier to convince the Mayor and Aviation director the value the new structure would bring and that a new backup system is not the answer and would cause unnecessary further financial burden, hurt relationships and bad press which no one wants. The success of BAE in installing Unitedââ¬â¢s baggage system will be highlighted as an example of the right team structure and how we can achieve the same if we are united in the goal and agree to this plan. Recommendations Implementation Plan: Some of the short term elements of the recommendations are already completed or in progress such as building our case / position with regards to reasons for the delays. The following outlines the steps required to make this happen. Task| Responsible| Timing| Build case. Engage with Project Manager BAE to identify original plan milestones and detailed reasons for incomplete tasks. Prepare PPT presentation with key dataWrite back to City Mayor, acknowledging letter and request for a formal meeting to present response with a set date. | BAE Project MgrBAE AdminGene DiFonso| 3 days2 days1 day| Invite to meet with DIA Director of Aviation to present challenges/issues faced throughout the project and the delay outcome. Explain the current position we are in with regards to the cityââ¬â¢s demands with the objective to gain support for the new proposed structure. Gene DiFonso| 1 day fixed| Invite DIA Director of Aviation City Mayor to formal meeting to present project delay reasons/issues recommendation for continuation of project with recommended structure| Gene DiFonso| 1 day (fixed)| Prepare Present the proposed structure and Project Team Method Matrix and explain itââ¬â¢s criticality and past effectiveness in other successful projects and why this is necessary even if a backup baggage system is implemented | Gene DiFonso| 3 days| Assume DIAââ¬â¢s buy ââ¬â in and that it takes DIA 1 month to hire Project Manager and restructure the Project Management Team| Director of Aviation| 30 days| Work with new Project Management Team to identify construction risks that interfere with our design/implementation plans come up with alternate solutions. | Gene DiFonso PMT| 1 week| Develop new Strategy with new key Milestones | Gene DiFonso, | 2 weeks| Obtain Buy-In Committment from key stakeholders| City Mayor, Director of Aviation| 1 day (fixed| | Total| 9 weeks| 1st Meeting with new Project Team Members| | | | | | Any critical changes to the original plans will be reported promptly to DIA Project Manager and voiced in Team Meetings. Any critical plan changes will equire Sponsor sign offs (acknowledgment and approval of change to plan for reasons outside BAEââ¬â¢s control) before BAE continues with implementation. Part 7: Monitor and Control: * Weekly internal meetings with BAEââ¬â¢s project management team will be conducted to keep pulse on project timelines and areas of risk. * Attend weekly Project Meeting Team meetings to identify risks, action items, schedule changes and react to them. * Submit bi-weekly reports on status to key sponsors stakeholders. * Hold monthly review meetings with Sponsors Part 8: Conclusion: In conclusion, the current difficulties we are experiencing with DIA and City Administration has served as a costly example of lack of poor management structure for a project of this magnitude. Our past successes can speak for itself in approaching DIA and City Mayor for their support to the new proposal based on our experience. If this new approach is accepted, this will save BAE millions of dollars in lawsuits and cost of new baggage system as charged by the City Mayor. The optics of getting back on track, having a strong management team and continuing with the original plan will serve in favour of all, the Mayor, our shareholders, as well as redeem our own reputation as leaders in the market. We will then be positioned without a tarnished brand and enjoy further growth opportunities. Part 9: References, Exhibits and Appendixes Appendix 1 ââ¬â New Project Management Team Structure Appendix 2 ââ¬â RACI Matrix example (for initial phase) of new structure How to cite Bae Assignment, Papers Nakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845690489930120276.post-22585289150086684512020-05-03T22:45:00.001-07:002020-05-03T22:45:03.497-07:00Develop An Understanding About The Supply Chain Strategy - Sample Question: Discuss about the Develop An Understanding About The Supply Chain Strategy. Answer: Introduction The following report is based on procurement evaluation, which includes the strategic issues faced by the organizations in the supply chain. The organizations often make changes in the supply chain activities to avoid the unnecessary obstacles in the operation. However, as the business environment has been dynamic in the recent time, the organizations might face different supply chain issues in the operation. Thereby, to learn and analyze those issues, the report considers the organization Toyota, Australia. Due to the unfavorable market environment in the automotive sector in Australia, Toyota is facing some strategic supply chain issues in the operation. The automotive manufacturing sector remains as an extremely competitive one and, many firms are focusing on their supply chain for the sources of competitive advantages. Thereby, this paper effectively presented the findings of an exploratory research that investigated the contemporary issues associated with the strategic supply ch ain in Australia. The report discusses those issues and applies some particular theories and models. Based on the evaluation of issues and theories, suitable recommendations have been provided that would help the firm to deal with the challenges. Evaluation of the Supply Strategy It has been identified that the large car manufacturing company Toyota in Australia is on the verge of leaving the industry and soon, they are going to close their door. Even though, the organization has made it clear that government subsidy is not the issue but the dynamic market environment, which creates big challenges in the supply chain network. The supplys demand in the car-manufacturing sector of Australia is high, the suppliers know the market trends and likewise, other existing car manufacturing organizations have become accustomed with the market. However, Barney (2012) mentioned that Japanese technology based firm Toyota did not understand the market and the economic relation with trade in Australia. A put forward by Christopher and Holweg (2011), Toyota Australia with the help of partner Sixtree- in the recent time developed a dashboard that surfaces the data regarding the dynamic status of car transition through companys supply chain. Even though, the firm seeks to devel op a wide supply chain network in Australia car manufacturing sector to meet the growing demands of the customers, several attempts made by the firm failed to implement the initiative. According to Roh, Hong and Min (2014), the organization wants to run the operation in Australia, it needs to work with the suppliers, stakeholders involved and the government to determine the possible steps. The major issue, which has been identified is that Australias car manufacturing sector teeters on the overall collapse in the wake of Holdens ultimate decision to stop producing vehicles. Thus, Toyota in Australia refuses to speculate on its future in Australia in the wake of Holdens decision. As the leading supplier decided to call off the operation, Toyota is in the need of making relationship with the suppliers. Holden is the second biggest vehicle manufacturer in the nation, which produce 75000 to 80,000 vehicles. Nevertheless, mentioned that the car manufacturing organization Toyota could be able to sustain its operation with the combination of imported as well as domestic parts (Mullan et al. 2011). Hence, Shaheen and Cohen (2013) mentioned that if a single component manufacturer supplies the firm can also be a useful option for Toyota. Nonetheless, if Toyota relies on such single component supplier, another supplier with the same volume could be difficult to continue and this probably remains as the major concern for Toyotas supply chain network in Australia. In addition to this, it is also observed that Toyota finds the supplier challenge due to the presence of other car manufacturing organizations in the sector. This means the organization faced the deficiency of suppliers and they failed to build a long-term relationship. The existing suppliers already have relationship with other car-manufacturing firms. Conversely, Ghadimi et al. (2012) mentioned that as Toyota has large market share in the Asian nations and thereby, a large proportion of the profits come from the Asian markets. Due to this factor, the firm did not pay the required attention to the competitive Australian market. The firm would have fulfilled the suppliers needs if the demands of products were observed to be high in the Australia market. In addition to this, even though Holden was the one major supplier of Toyota, the firm did not make or come into any long-term relationship with Holden. Moreover, the organization also did not pay required attention to other suppliers. Bennett and Klug (2012) mentioned that the reluctant nature of Toyota in Australian market observed because the firm did not experience high demands in the market. In this context, Dodgson et al. (2011) also mentioned that dynamic market environment and presence of lar ge competitors like Ford, Mitsubishi are the reason of poor market share of Toyota. Therefore, it can be mentioned that poor demands of vehicles created an indirect impact on the supply chain activities of Toyota. Application of theory and concepts The automotive sector in Australia has undergone a transformational evolution over the last two decades. In this context, Timmer et al. (2015) commented that conventional technique for developing an automotive supply chain requires a wholly, integrated as well as the lean materials. Historically, it is observed that supply chain operated under a Push model and hence, in this model the marketing as well as sales covers an appropriate speculation at the market demand and then feed the forecasts into the design to make model production volume. In this context, Farahani et al. (2014) commented that due to the boom of internet, the data has become much more accessible to both consumers and the manufacturers. The following are the supply chain theories and models that can be applied to Toyotas contexts. Lean supply chain The term lean refers to the series of activities or solution to decrease waste, as well as minimize the non-value added operation. In this context, Olugu and Wong (2012) commented that leanness referred to the action of developing a value stream to reduce all waste with the inclusion of time and ensure a level of schedule. However, in this context, Tian, Govindan and Zhu (2014) mentioned that lean is a systematic approach to identify and eliminate waste. It is also observed that lean is a supply chain strategy that manufactures just what and how much is required. The major objective of such supply could be realized by embedding the basic contents of data communication on stocks, delivery plans and fluctuation in the frame of Just in Time. The purpose of such integration is to ensure the commitment to quality and cost, gain least distortion of approaches and usual delivery of small amount of orders. It can be added that lean based philosophy is in general applied when the marketers could predict the demands of market. In addition, such philosophy is applicable when the decisions of buyers usually depend on the lowest price. In the case of Toyota, it is observed that even though the organization faced the crisis of suppliers in the market, it maintained thewaste management through the lean supply chain practices. This means the suppliers who provide services to Toyota, have to follow the principles of Toyotas supply chain practices. Toyota asks its suppliers to reuse the wasted materials in the next part of the entire shield. So that the excessive use of resource can be controlled. Leagile supply chain It has been observed that several studies have demonstrated that lean as well as agility supply chain practices could be integrated in a variety of ways and this happens due to the general characteristics embedded with each theory. These characteristics can be linked to evolve a new manufacturing paradigm with the name of leaglie. Hence, Naim and Gosling (2011) defined legality as the combination of lean and agile paradigm within the whole supply chain practice by positioning and documenting point to perfectly meet the need for responding to a volatile demand. Kraljic Portfolio Purchasing Model Kraljic Portfolio model helps remains useful for the purchasers, as it helps the purchasers to minimize the supply security and decrease the cost by making the most of their purchasing power. Thus, in implementing so, the procurement moves from being a transactional activity to a strategic activity; this is because purchasing should be supply chain management. The application of the model has been discussed in the following. Purchase Classification While applying this model, the organization needs to classify all of the commodities, products, components as well as services that the firm is supposed to purchase in accordance to the supply risk and potential profit impact. Supply risk could remain high when the item is a scarce raw material, at the time when the availability can be affected by instability or natural disaster (Padhi, Wagner and Aggarwal 2012). Thereby, hence, delivery logistic are difficult as well as it could easily be disrupted. Likewise, the profit impact could also remain high when the items increase the significant value to firms output. This occurs as it makes up a high proportion of the output and it has direct impact on the quality. For example, the vehicles used by a high end-clothe manufacturer. Strategic items- This usually include (high profit impact and high supply risk) These items usually carry the most attention from the purchasing managers. Hence, the aspects in the form of options involve the long-term supply chain relationship (Ferreira, Arantes and Kharlamov 2015). The supply chain executives and managers have the opportunity to analyze as well as manage the risks on a regular basis for the purpose of contingencies. Leverage items- Hence, the managers or the organization should use the full purchasing power by substituting the products and by placing high volume orders. Bottleneck items (Limited profit impact and increasing supply risk) In this phase, the firm could use the approach of over-ordering when the items are available and the firm needs to look for the ways to control the vendors. However, in the context of Toyota, this approach could be unreliable because the availability of raw materials is restricted. Thus, the firm finds it difficult to deal with growing demands of vehicles and dynamic market environment. No critical-items- (Limited profit impact and low supply risk)- The approaches for buying such items could include use of standardized product items, optimization and supervision of inventory levels (Padhi, Wagner and Aggarwal 2012). In a competitive market like Australia, it is difficult for Toyota to stock the standardized products when the demand of vehicle is low due to the changing market needs. Moreover, the firm might not run the operation where the profit is limited but the cost of operation is high due to the increased cost of raw materials. Market Analysis Hence, the firm needs to investigate how stable and demanding the suppliers and the purchasing power that the firm has as their customers. In Australian automobile sector, Toyota observes a high supplier power, as suppliers are limited in the market, but the market has many players. For example, the major supplier Holden has several key customers like Ford, Mitsubishi. Thereby, Toyota is left with limited options when it comes to suppliers. Action plan Hence, the firm needs to develop an implementation plan for each of the products as well as materials on a regular basis. This approach is further divided into three different steps discussed below. Exploit- Here, the organization needs to make the most of their buying power to acquire good price as well as long-term contracts from few suppliers; thereby, they could reduce the supply risks engaged in these items (Knight, Tu and Preston 2014). Balance-Hence, the organization needs to maintain the balance status between the exploitation approach as well as the diversification approach. However, Toyota here finds the challenge of diversification; it cannot apply diversification because the organization is largely dependent on its core business. Diversity- In order to minimize the supply risk by acquiring alternative suppliers, the firm should depend on its core suppliers (Drake, Myung Lee and Hussain 2013). Hence, the firm could maximize its buying power by fulfilling by a single supply power. Nonetheless, in Toyotas case, the major supplier Holden stopped producing the items. Toyota is left with the options of relying on the small and medium size suppliers. It is observed that the physical flow of supply chain might include the information and the process associated with the status and the shipping of physical items in the inventory. As put forward by Estampe et al. (2013), in the supply chain practice of physical flow items, the components manufactured by the suppliers and shifted through inbound logistic to accumulate the plant. Carter, Rogers and Choi (2015) specified that at the assembly plant, a vehicle usually goes through the body shop, shift to the paint shop and then finally to the assembly. Eventually, it goes through the inspection phase. After all these procedures, once these vehicles have been produced, the product is transported to the dealership through outbound logistics. Similarly, in the context of Toyota, the physical flow of supply chain consists of the suppliers, inbound logistics, outbound logistics, production as well as the dealers. Suppliers As put forward by Wong, Boon and Wong (2011), the significant precondition to build supply chain practice requires a stiff integration of production schedule of suppliers, which amalgamated to the production schedule of customers. Hence, under this model, the suppliers usually deliver several parts and components that might fit into the vehicles and these elements generally obtained through outbound logistic network, where the organization has many tier-one suppliers. In Australia, Toyota has limited number of suppliers and they are located in remote geographical areas; thus, the time for parts required to arrive from each supplier could vary largely. Moreover, in Toyotas operation, it is observed that regional suppliers could be one or two days away from the assembly plant, while the suppliers located in the overseas area could require several weeks to shift the components to the factory or assembly plant. Olugu and Wong (2012) mentioned that such process could result in suppliers as well as customers acquiring inventories to keep a balance between the variability and the lead-time in the production timeline. Toyota, to ensure the flexibility and deal with the challenge of lead-time, implements the ideas such as supplier parks and modularization to minimize the lead-time needed to manage the possible deviation between the received order as well as plant production. The entire process of assembling the vehicles depends on delivery of components, w hich should be on time. Toyota follows the practice of Just in Time for the suppliers to distribute the ordered components of customers. Inbound and outbound logistics Carter, Rogers and Choi (2015) described logistic in a way where a connection between the supply chain and its sub-system remains visible. While focusing on Toyotas supply chain system, it has been identified that two general types of logistic functions in new vehicle supply chain are discovered-inbound and outbound logistics. In outbound logistic, car distribution of Toyota from the assembly plant of the vehicle to dealers is done appropriately, as such practice effectively maintains the awareness of the whole vehicle supply chain system by having a control over the lead-time from the plant to the customers. In this context, lugu and Wong (2012) commented quantity between the lead-time of production and the lead-time of distribution remains little, hence, customers only concern is the arrival of merchandise. Recommendation- Strategic Plan The above-mentioned discussion helps to conclude that the organization Toyota has some significant issues in the supply chain network. To resolve or deal with such issues, the organization should implement the following strategies. Develop alliance with the key suppliers When a business is largely dependent on the suppliers, it should closely work with the suppliers and this is known as supplier relationship management. Hence, Toyota needs to use the two-way communication, which requires both buyers as well as suppliers to collaboratively manage the relationship. To form such relationship, the firm needs to provide techniques to make sure that the relationship remains healthy and vibrant. This means, the purchaser and suppliers both need to ensure that their needs are fulfilled. The organization should ensure that their suppliers demands are satisfied and they are happy working with their customers. Both the parties in such relationship should create a platform for the problem resolution, where all issues and problems can be resolved. To do this, the firm could enhance continuous enhancement goals with the objective of achieving value for both parties. Engage in collaborative strategic sourcing- This strategic sourcing remains as the cornerstone of successful supply chain management. However, it is identified that but a collaborative strategic sourcing initiative could produce better outcome. Instead of considering strategic sourcing as just for the purchasing department, best in-class should try to have internal customers who are actively involved in the decision making process. In order to implement such initiative, the organizations both the supplier and purchasers need to solicit feedbacks as well as the information about their objectives and the strategies. Appropriately align and staff the supply chain organizations- It often becomes difficult to manage the supply chain function in a manner, which could increase its effectiveness and bring equal benefits to the firm. The organization could adopt a hybrid approach that combines a centralized strategy to acquire consensus with the centralized implementation to enhance service. Likewise, another emerging trend that the firm could include the placement of contract management, forecasting, demand planning and the supply chain leader. However, whatever structure, the organization adopts, appropriately staffing the supply chain network remains vital to success. Furthermore, it can also be added that enhancing staff members supply chain management skills and knowledge always remains as the priority but the senior leaders should focus on the strategy and they should be less concerned regarding the transactional capability. In addition, as the supply chain leaders tend to move up to join their organizations management team; thereby, they might have additio nal characteristics. Nevertheless, the firm could hire supply chain managers who acquire strong communication as well as relationship management skills. Hence, the leaders must think strategically and focus on the value creation. Utilization of technology In the advancement of technology, the organizations should take advantages of technology to make the supply chain practice more efficient. The organization needs to structure the workflow and implement the process with the help of selected technology. However, before implementing such practice, they need to review the processes or the practices that require enhancement. Based on the review, they need to select the technology that perfectly satisfies the processing needs. Australian market is technologically developed and thereby, Toyota might not find any challenges in terms of the technology. Particularly, the firm could implement the technology called enterprise resource planning with the information and as the solution, the firm might not find the difficulty in retrieving the type of data that they require for making the strategy effective. In addition to this, in adopting technology in the supply chain process, the supply chain managers should play the major role in finding ways to implement technology to manufacture beneficial information to perform different work arounds. The managers needs to recognize the significance of an efficient purchase to pay process and utilize the strategies to acquire benefits. Develop a governing supply chain council The major purpose of a governing council is to provide direction as well as help to align the supply chain strategy with organizations overall strategy. In the council, the membership needs to include the leader of the supply chain firm and the corporate executive, the production unit manager and other leaders. The council needs to hold scheduled meeting on a daily basis. On the other side, it is also observed that supply chain firm has often been seen struggling for the recognition as their objectives and strategies differ from their firms own objectives and strategies. Thus, a governing council could prevent that from occurring by delivering constant, consistent validation that supplies chain strategy, which could directly correlate with the corporate strategy. Moreover, the council could help to withdraw the barriers to achievement that remains within the organization. Most of the organizations face such challenging or difficult situation that does not accept the value that a supp ly chain should provide. Thereby, by identifying these challenges, the members of the council make sure that supply chain organization provided with the scope to implements its potential. References Barney, J.B., 2012. Purchasing, supply chain management and sustained competitive advantage: The relevance of resource?based theory.Journal of supply chain management,48(2), pp.3-6. Bennett, D. and Klug, F., 2012. Logistics supplier integration in the automotive industry.International Journal of Operations Production Management,32(11), pp.1281-1305. Carter, C.R., Rogers, D.S. and Choi, T.Y., 2015. Toward the theory of the supply chain.Journal of Supply Chain Management,51(2), pp.89-97. Christopher, M. and Holweg, M., 2011. Supply Chain 2.0: managing supply chains in the era of turbulence.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,41(1), pp.63-82. 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Nakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845690489930120276.post-39273146885224685452020-03-27T15:25:00.001-07:002020-03-27T15:25:02.816-07:00William Sheldon Nakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845690489930120276.post-25203005525794066792020-03-06T23:22:00.001-08:002020-03-06T23:22:03.436-08:00Pharmaceutical Industry in India EssaysPharmaceutical Industry in India Essays Pharmaceutical Industry in India Essay Pharmaceutical Industry in India Essay Industry overview Pharmaceutical sector is an important industry of any modern day economic power. Pharmaceutical industry in India has a very humble past. After independence, development of pharmaceutical industry was one of the top agenda of government along with steel and manufacturing industry. The market was protected against competition for a long period of time by giving incentives to small firms, license-raj etc. Today the Indian pharmaceutical industry is the front-runner science-based industries in the country. Today the industry boasts of wide ranging capabilities in the complex field of drug manufacture and technology. The sector is pegged to be worth US$ 7. 3 billion. The annual growth rate is estimated to be around 13%. Reports suggest that the domestic retail market would be worth around US$ 12 billion by 2012. Indian pharmaceutical industry ranks 4th in terms of volume globally and 13th in terms of value. It has 8% share in global sales 20%-24% share in production of generic drugs. The domestic players satisfy almost all of the countryââ¬â¢s demand for formulations and bulk drugs. Indian firms arenââ¬â¢t limited to domestic market; they are now competing head on with multi national players in international arena. For many firms, exports constitute 60%-70% of the total revenue earned. Reasons for this strong growth are low cost of manufacturing, low cost of RD, innovative scientific manpower etc. The total pharmaceutical exports in 2007-08 clocked US$ 6. 68 billion against US$ 5. 73 billion in 2006-07 recording a growth rate of 16 per cent. India is poised to be one of the fastest growing pharmaceutical markets in the world. This has led to entry of many major companies in the Indian market and a huge amount of FDI inflow. Evolution of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry The Indian regulatory system made several arrangements to protect the domestic pharmaceutical industry from foreign competition in its nascent phase. One of them was recognition of only process patents. This built a sound and strong base for strong and competitive domestic market but deterred entry of foreign players. The life of Indian pharmaceutical industry can be broadly divided into two phases, namely Pre-Patent regime and Post-Patent regime respectively. Lets take a look at both of them in detail: Pre-Patent Regime: This period can be segmented into various time periods for better understanding: 1947-1970 During this period country was trying to stand on its feet after gaining independence. The pharmaceutical industry had to be built from scratch. Though several domestic players had sprung up in market but their impact on market was limited. The reason was their inability to compete with MNC players who had better access to resources, better technical know how and access to larger amount of funds. These foreign players imported formulations and sold them in India. They were neither contributing to pharmaceutical industries nor to the manufacturing industries in India. People had low spending and restricted access to healthcare facilities because of low levels of income. The government had realized that dependence on imported drugs had to be reduced so that essential drugs could be made available to public at cheap prices. For this country needed to build indigenous drug production capabilities. To fulfill this objective Hindustan Antibiotics Limited (HAL) and Indian Drugs Pharmaceutical Limited (IDPL) were setup in 1954 and 1961 respectively. These companies soon established themselves as major producers of critical drugs, which, were being imported at that time. 1970-1979 The MNCs continued to dominate the domestic market in spite of steps taken by government. Government introduced two legislations in 1970 to accelerate the process of self-reliance and indigenization. These were Indian Patent Act and Drug Price Control Order (DPCO). These two regulations provided the launch pad for the Indian pharmaceutical industry to take off into a new growth spiral. Indian Patent Act: The act granted patents only for methods and processes used to manufacture the substance. This allowed the domestic players to reverse engineer the drugs present in market and find its constituents. They started making the product using the same bulk drug by using a modified production process. Drug Price Control Order: Government regulated prices of 354 essential bulk drugs and formulations to ensure wide spread availability of drugs at a reasonable price. These two legislations changed the industry structure and growth pattern. Several small-scale ndustries (SSI) came into existence in formulation business. They had significant advantage as their products were out of purview of price control. Low entry barriers, abundance of bulk drugs and dispersed market acted as additional catalysts. All these factors had a significant impact on the position of MNCs in India. These regulations introduced the concept of price control did not recognize product patents. Therefor e the MNCs had no incentive of introducing new drugs in the market. Their overall share in formulations started to decline as time progressed. 1979-1987 Government in 1979 amended DPCO. Number of drugs under purview of DPCO was bought down from 354 to 163. Government also increased the permissible mark-up on drugs from 40%-60% to 75%-100%. DPCO also regulated the production by fixing ratio between formulation and key bulk drugs. This ensured continuous and uninterrupted supply of key bulk drugs. Investments made by government in past had started bearing fruit. IDPL and HAL provided technical assistance to smaller players in establishing their foothold. Hence even smaller players started to supply critical drugs to market. Indian firms started to invest in RD because of availability of skilled researchers in country. This resulted in launch of new drugs through process re-engineering. Government funded Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) made major contribution to the research base. Indian firms had advantage of low cost structure and very good reverse engineering technical skills. After they had established themselves in domestic market they turned their attention towards export. They took measures to utilize their advantage in global arena and were quite successful. There was no improvement in conditions of MNCââ¬â¢s. High tariffs caused the prices of their product to go up. Price control measures taken by government directed them to sell at cheaper price. Therefore they focused on specific sectors where they still had a stronghold. They were reluctant to launch new products in country because of lack of proper patent protection. This resulted in overall decline of their market share. 1987-1994 This was a consolidation period of the industry. The entire industry registered a double-digit growth rate through the period. This high growth rate was attributed to rise in per-capita income of people and introduction of new drugs at cheap price. The increase wasnââ¬â¢t limited to domestic market. While bulk drug production grew at CAGR of 16%, bulk drug export grew at CAGR of 40%. By 1994 exports comprised 50% of total bulk drug production. To meet the ever-increasing demand, companies had to invest heavily in increasing their capacities. High growth rate also attracted new players to the market. Competition in market increased manifold as the number of players in the market doubled over this period. Most important development of this period was liberalization program initiated by the government. The tariff barriers were lowered which leveled the playing field for MNCs vis-a-vis domestic players. This also increased foreign investment in domestic pharmaceutical industry. The liberalization policy also benefited domestic players who made efforts to increase their global presence due to lower tariff and non-tariff barriers. 1995-2001 The major development of this phase was governmentââ¬â¢s commitment to recognize product patent regime after 2005. This increased the expectation of MNCs. Most of them increased their equity stakes in Indian operations. MNCs also realized that they could convert India into their manufacturing base. India had quality manufacturing facilities at cheap costs. Domestic firms too had saturated Indian market. They were focusing on global markets more seriously now. They entered into alliances with MNCs, entered into JVââ¬â¢s in overseas market, set up world-class manufacturing facilities and strengthened their brands to strengthen their position. The small players finally came of age and gave serious competition to their bigger counterparts. Even though market grew at 15% intense competition from smaller players pushed the bigger players towards generic formulations. Bulk drugs had lower margins because of intense competition. To overcome this most players forward-integrated into formulation manufacturing or increased their export to non-regulated markets where margins were higher. 2001-2004 During this period domestic players increased their focus on market of generic drugs. They invested in RD and upgraded their manufacturing facilities to comply with GMP norms. During this period the domestic formulations market registered a decline, barring a few segments. MNCs were strengthening their interest in domestic market as product patent regime was to be implemented in 2005. Post-Patent Regime 2005-2006 Government passed an ordinance in 2005 implementing the product-patent regime. This move was aimed at bringing India at par with global pharmaceutical market. Other major developments during this period were implementation of VAT, shift in excise duty levy to MRP based levy and implementation of good manufacturing processes. During this period Indian players established themselves in global market with their innovatively engineered generic drugs API. 2006-2007 The new pharmaceutical policy has been center of attraction. Government wanted to bring essential drugs on which the manufacturers made fat profits under the purview of DPCO. The proposed pharmaceutical policy was aimed at bringing 354 essential drugs under purview of DPCO so that they are within reach of common man. The policy has provision of limiting MAPE to 150% to put a cap on profits earned by pharmaceutical firms. The duties on API were reduced to encourage manufacturing. Government has also set up NPPA to regulate pricing of drugs in India. Companies will have to sell their drugs at price decided by NPPA. Regulatory Environments in various parts of the world Europe The European Medicines Agency (EMEA) is the apex body, which governs medicine industry in Europe. Scientific opinions of the agency are prepared by committees i. e. the committee for medicinal products for human use (CHMP), the committee for medicinal products for veterinary use (CVMP), the committee for orphan medicinal products for rare diseases (COMP) and the new committee on herbal medicinal products (HMPC). EMEA performs the scientific evaluation of the quality, safety and efficacy of medicinal products in EU. EMEA also coordinates the resources for scientific evaluation and assessment regarding products undergoing the mutual recognition procedure and the master files for plasma and vaccine antigens. EMEA also provides guidance for companies requesting scientific advice. It also provides scientific advice before the application of new marketing authorization for centralized and mutual recognition procedures. Scientific Advice Working Party (SAWP) does this task. In order to sell products in EU markets firm have to obtain a license. This license is granted by CHMP after it assesses the product in question. European Pharmacopoeia (Ph Eur) specifies the quality specifications for pharmaceutical preparations and their ingredients. Before submitting a Marketing Authorization Application (MAA) the firm is required to show the safety and efficacy of the medicinal product. To show this local clinical data should be generated for a new medicinal product. Thus it is necessary to conduct clinical trails before launching a product in EU. If the product has already proved safety and efficacy in some other country then a bridging clinical study is sufficient. The initial license granted to a firm has to be renewed after five years. The risk-benefit balance is revaluated. If the result of re-evaluation is positive then the firm is granted the license for unlimited period of time unless the competent authority decides otherwise. In cases of drugs that require long-term safety study, the license for unlimited period is usually granted after 2-3 re-evaluations. The EU pharmaceutical legislation is very extensive and robust. In order to ensure high quality and safe therapies it provides extensive rules and guidance on licensing procedures for medicinal products. USA Pharmaceutical sector in USA is regulated by the department of Health and Human Services. The apex regulatory body is US FDA, which enforces the basic drug and food legislations. When a drug manufacturer develops a new drug, first the drug is tested on animals. Then he obtains approval for human trials through Investigational New Drug (IND). The data collected through human clinical trials in IND and animal studies is used to file a New Drug Application (NDA). NDA is used to communicate to FDA about safety and effectiveness of the drug, high quality manufacturing standard for the drug and appropriate labeling of the drug. New drugs are developed under patent protection. This grants exclusive marketing rights to the developer of the drug. After expiry of the patent period, other firms can sell a copy of the drug. This copied version of drug is called as generic drug. In order to get approval from FDA to sell generic drugs, firms must file for an Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA). Generic drug sector became very lucrative because the manufacturers of generic drugs didnââ¬â¢t have to invest in costly animal studies and human clinical trials. Also the pharmacists were given the right to sell substitute generic drugs instead of a specific drug unless explicitly specified by the doctor. To get an FDA approval for their ANDA the firms had to ensure that their drugs contains the same amount of active ingredient as the original drug, it should be identical in dosage form, strength and administration method and manufactured under the same manufacturing standards as for the original drug. A Drug Master File (DMF) is submitted to FDA that contains almost all information related o the drug. Some information in the file may be of confidential nature. India In India both the central government and the state government share the responsibility of regulating the pharmaceutical industry. The Drug and Cosmetic Act and Drug and Cosmetic Rule are the legislations passed by the government in this regard. Through this legislation the government regulates import, manufacture, sale and distribution of drugs in India. The central government plays as the coordinator of policies like drug approval, clinical trials, setting up standards, controlling the quality of imported drugs etc where as the state governments see that the policies laid down by the central government are being implemented by the firms. The Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) co-ordinates all the activities involved. Pharmaceutical industry in India regulated on basis of price, patent quality. DPCO fixes an upper limit on critical formulations API. NPPA regulates the pricing of all the drugs manufactured or sold in India. A firm cannot price its drug on its own; it has to be approved by NPPA. NPPA has also put an upper limit of 150% on MAPE. If the firm invests heavily in RD then the limit is increased by 50%. In 1995 government had amended DPCO to limit the size of drugs under purview of DPCO to 74. After implementation of product patent regime government is mulling over bringing the number of drugs under DPCO to around 200. The Drug Cosmetic act specifies the quality standards to be met for any drugs that is manufactured, sold or distributed in India. Manufactures have to follow GMP in their manufacturing plants. FDI up to 74% is allowed on the automatic route in the case of bulk drugs, their intermediate Pharmaceuticals and formulations (except those produced by the use of recombinant DNA technology). The Government considers FDI above 74% for manufacture of bulk drugs on a case-by-case basis. Itââ¬â¢s allowed only for manufacture of bulk drugs from basic stages and their intermediates. It also extends to bulk drugs produced by the use of recombinant DNA technology and the specific cell/tissue targeted formulations if it includes manufacturing from basic stage. Government had liberalization plans of increasing the FDI cap to 100% and making the process of investing more easily and investor friendly. The plans were not implemented because of political pressure exerted by the Left Parties on the government. Recent Developments Raw material shortage hits pharmaceutical firms Olympic games in China have put brakes on high-flying Indian pharmaceutical industry. In order to present its clean image before the world during the games, China has ordered to close various drug manufacturing units to prevent environmental degradation. This has caused a scarcity of raw material in India and has pushed up prices of generic medicines. Daiichi Sankyo buys majority stake in Ranbaxy Daiichi Sankyo Company, Ltd (Daiichi Sankyo) has bought majority stake in Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited (Ranbaxy) from the Singh family, the largest controlling shareholders of Ranbaxy. The deal is subject to regulatory approvals. This deal will allow Ranbaxy access to global markets that have been off-radar for the firm till now. Daiichi Sankyo is looking forward to gain a stronger foothold in a very fast developing Indian market as well as the base established by Ranbaxy in USA. Sun Pharmaceuticals gets USFDA nod for generic Depakote The USFDA has granted a final approval to Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd for its Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) for generic Depakote, divalproex sodium delayed release tablets. Divalproex sodium delayed release tablets are indicated as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy in the treatment of patients with complex partial seizures. US Congress to probe FDA`s Ranbaxy case The US House Energy Commerce committee is investigating the FDAs stance on the Ranbaxy case. The committee is to probe FDAs handling on Ranbaxys imports. The committee will also probe whether FDA knowingly let unsafe medicine to enter US. Sun Pharmaceuticals Taro deal Sun Pharmaceuticals, offered $454 million, all in cash, to buy out an Israeli generics manufacturer, Taro Pharmaceuticals. The deal has not been completed as yet because of encountering several roadblocks. Taro Pharmaceuticals is an Israeli pharmaceutical firm with a global presence. By acquiring Taro, Sun is trying to enter the low-competition, specialized segments like dermatology and pediatrics. Taroââ¬â¢s large presence in the Canadian market is also an attraction for Sun. Key Features of quarter April-June FY09 Improvement in product and geographic mix: Higher contribution from exports (62%) for generics and higher proportion of CRAMS business (46%) were the key highlights of the quarter. Improvement in margins: led by higher overseas and CRAMS sales, a 5. 9% YoY depreciation in the Rupee v/s the USD and increased captive consumption from companies like Dishman, Lupin and Piramal Healthcare. Raw material pressure to persist in the near term: Chinaââ¬â¢s decision to (i) shut down polluting plants around Beijing and (ii) restrict the movement of hazardous chemicals in view of the Olympics resulted in raw material shortages and a consequent increase in prices. A rise in crude oil prices resulted in increases in the price of API solvents and intermediates. Our interaction with a few companies suggests that raw material shortage may persist for the next one-two quarters. Depreciating rupee leads to MTM losses on Forex debt: A 7. % and 9% QoQ depreciation of the rupee v/s the USD and Euro respectively resulted in most companies declaring MTM losses on their FCCBs and foreign debt. Prominent among the losers were Ranbaxy, Jubilant and Cipla. GSK recently signed a deal with Aspen and Strides GSK Pharmaceutical has collaborated with Aspen through which it would have access to a portfolio comprising 1200 products and 450 molecules of Aspen and its JV with Strides. GSK would get these products approved in 95 emerging markets and distribute and market these as well, while Aspen will continue to market in Sub-Saharan Africa and other countries. Jubilant signs drug discovery pact with Amgen Jubilant Bosys Ltd. and Amgen Inc. , the largest US-based biotech company on Monday announced a drug discovery partnership. As per the deal, Amgen and Jubilant will collaborate to develop a portfolio of novel drugs in new target areas of interest across multiple therapeutic areas. Jubilant will develop early preclinical candidates emanating from Amgens early discovery efforts for an initial term of three years. Amgen will have responsibility for the subsequent pre-clinical and clinical development and commercialization. Amgen will retain / own the drugs developed under the collaboration with worldwide commercialization rights. Jubilant Biosys will partner in early-preclinical development effort from its state of the art Jubilant Research Centre Bangalore, while Amgen will pursue later stage pre-clinical and clinical development and commercialization of the drugs in global markets. The financial terms include a combination of research funding and success-based milestones paid to Jubilant during pre-clinical and clinical development for multiple projects undertaken by the collaboration. The total financial Milestone value is subject to successful development and commercialization of the portfolio of novel drugs. Glenmark`s molecule for Neuropathetic Pain to enter Phase I trials Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd has announced that its candidate for Neuropathic Pain, Osteoarthritis and other Inflammatory Pain-GRC 10693 is entering Phase I trials. The company intends to develop GRC 10693, a cannabinoid-2 (CB-2) receptor agonist, in neuropathic pain as the primary indication. The molecule has been filed for Phase-I approval with European regulatory authorities. Biocon, Abraxis launches ABRAXANE in India Biocon Limited and Abraxis BioScience, Inc, a fully integrated biotechnology company announced the launch of ABRAXANE (paclitaxel protein bound particles for injectable suspension) (albumin-bound) in India for the treatment of breast cancer after failure of combination therapy for metastatic disease or relapse within six months of adjuvant chemotherapy, ABRAXANE is now available in India as a single-use 100 mg vial (as a lyophilized powder, to be reconstituted for intravenous administration). The Phase III clinical trial in the U. S. demonstrated that ABRAXANE nearly doubled the response rate, significantly prolonged time to progression, and significantly improved overall survival in the secon line setting versus solvent based Taxol in the approved indication. The Medical House ties up with Dr Reddys Labs The Medical House Plc, a drug delivery specialist has signed a non-exclusive development, licensing and supply agreement with Dr Reddys Laboratories. The agreement covers an initial five-year term of supply, within US, European Union and Canada, with an option for Dr Reddys to extend the agreement to the rest of the world, on mutually agreed terms, the company said in a filing to the London Stock Exchange. The duration of the agreement can also be extended by mutual agreement and the development costs associated with customization would be paid to The Medical House (TMH) in addition to reimbursement of all agreed external costs. Strides completes acquisition of Ascent Pharmahealth Strides Arcolab has completed the acquisition of controlling interest in Ascent Pharmahealth Limited (formerly Genepharm Australasia Limited), thereby making Strides the 4th largest Generics Company in Australia. Strides now holds 50. 1% stake in Ascent Pharmahealth Limited, an ASX listed company. At final closing in Sept ââ¬â¢08, Strides may own upto 55% in Ascent Pharmahealth Ltd. Shareholders have voted to change the name of Genepharm Australasia Limited to Ascent Pharmahealth Limited. Ascent Pharmahealth Limited will include the assets of Drug Houses of Australia [DHA] in Singapore, a wholly owned subsidiary of Strides Revenue in excess of US$90mn on a combined Performa basis. Lupin acquires Hormosan Pharma Lupin Ltd has acquired Hormosan Pharma GmbH (Hormosan), a German Sales and Marketing generics company specialized in the supply of pharmaceutical products for the Central Nervous System (CNS). Hormosan, with total sales of Euro 6. 8mn for the year ended December 2007, develops, licenses and markets a range of generics in Germany. Hormosan has a complementary product portfolio with products in the Central Nervous System and Cardiovascular therapeutic segments. Hormosan has created a strong brand identity in the German generics market through its strong patient compliance message, essential for patients within the CNS sector. Besides strong key account management the company also has a successful in Regulatory team, Pharmacovigilance, Medical Information and Marketing teams. Aurobindo Pharma receives nod for 2 ANDAs Aurobindo Pharma has received final approval from the US Food Drug Administration (USFDA) for 2 ANDAs namely Ceftriaxone for injection USP 250mg, 500mg, 2g and Ceftriaxone for injection USP 10g pharmacy bulk pack. These are Cephalosporins under the Anti-infective segment. Lupin Pharma receives nod for Divaiproex. Sodium Tablets Lupin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (LPI) has received final approval for the Companys Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) for Divaiproex Sodium Delayed-Release Tablets, 125 mg, 250 mg and 500 mg from the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). Commercial shipments of the product have already commenced. Lupin Divaiproex sodium delayed-release tablets are the AB-rated generic equivalent of Abbott Laboratories Depakote tablets. Depakote had annual sales of approximately US$ 803mn for the twelve months ended March 2008, based on IMS Health sales data. Dr Reddy`s lab to invest in Perlecan Pharma Dr Reddys lab has purchased holding of Citigroup Venture Capital International Mauritius Limited its nominees and IDBI Trusteeship Services Limited (the merged entity after its merger with The Western India Trustee and the Executor Company Limited) in Perlecan Pharma Private Limited. The Board of Directors of Dr Reddys Laboratories Limited at their meeting held on July 21, 2008 had approved this proposal aggregating to US$18mn. References: pharmaceutical-drug-manufacturers. com/pharmaceutical-industry/ thehindubusinessline. com/iw/2004/07/25/stories/2004072500401000. htm ibef. org/industry/pharmaceuticals. aspx www. indiainbusiness. nic. in/industry-infrastructure/industrial-sectors/drug-pharma. htm Nakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845690489930120276.post-39294421816892764282020-02-19T14:46:00.001-08:002020-02-19T14:46:02.517-08:00Social Networking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1Social Networking - Essay Example Individuals of all ages indulge in the activities and attractions offered by such websites. Social networking websites have a very vast effect on the individual using it. I have been using social networking websites since the last four years. Social networking has both positive and negative effects on the education, personal development, interpersonal skills, relationships and psychological aspects of the individual. Social networking web has emerged as a remarkably significant form of communication and socializing amongst the youth. Some utilize the social networking for playing their favorite online games, while others use it for communicating with their friends through pictures, videos and chatting. Human relations are another aspect that is affected by the social networking usage. This aspect has its own flaws and positive points that can affect the individual using the websites. Human beings always show a deep interest in the nature and personalities of their friends and peers. They are curious about their activities, pastimes, current incidents, feelings and opinions. People are always in an effort to ââ¬Å"know moreâ⬠about the people around them and intrude in their private information. Social networking web has given an opportunity to the users to display their personal information, feelings and life events on the internet. Thus, they also get an equal chance of viewing and interfering in other peopleââ¬â¢s information as well. Nakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845690489930120276.post-5142612821590161472020-02-04T09:43:00.001-08:002020-02-04T09:43:03.305-08:00United States Economy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsUnited States Economy - Research Paper Example Introduction: History of the economy of United States We are going to go aboard on a journey to look at the economy of United States. This inquisitiveness will lead us to scrutinize the economyââ¬â¢s operations, structures, and performance at a given time and its changes over time. We are going to look at the industries that have become additionally important in the United State economy and how the government is taking over the share of the nationââ¬â¢s output. The growth of peopleââ¬â¢s income, the distribution of peopleââ¬â¢s income among many more will be addressed. For a long time, the key to United States economy had been southern agriculture. But the civil war which began in April 1861 nearly destroyed everything. However, the country came out of the war with economic tools to put up the strongest economy in the world. Within 30 years, the United States led the whole world in manufacturing. After 80 years, it contained half of the worldââ¬â¢s industry. From 1871 to 1890, United States experienced the second industrial revolution. These are social and economic changes that result from wide use of machines in production. Inventions made work easier and safer and this created the whole industry. Factories started operating using mass production and all this led to growth of the economy. Between 1861 and 1941, the economy of United States had risen from boom to bust. This was a period between the civil war and II world war. In the foremost or subsequent decade, the United States economic market growth took place in an environment where policies set by regulators were dramatically changing and conditions in the market were unstable (Garcia, 2011). This... For a long time, the key to United States economy had been southern agriculture. But the civil war which began in April 1861 nearly destroyed everything. However, the country came out of the war with economic tools to put up the strongest economy in the world. Within 30 years, the United States led the whole world in manufacturing. After 80 years, it contained half of the worldââ¬â¢s industry. From 1871 to 1890, United States experienced the second industrial revolution. These are social and economic changes that result from wide use of machines in production. Inventions made work easier and safer and this created the whole industry. Factories started operating using mass production and all this led to growth of the economy. Between 1861 and 1941, the economy of United States had risen from boom to bust. This was a period between the civil war and II world war. In the foremost or subsequent decade, the United States economic market growth took place in an environment where policies set by regulators were dramatically changing and conditions in the market were unstable (Garcia, 2011). This resulted to disappointing and volatile profitability of financial sector. Financial sector recorded 1.5 percent of Gross Domestic Product from 1960 to 1970s but after wards reduced to 1 percent in 1980s. In 1990s, the Gross Domestic Product began to rise and within ten years, it was up to 3 percent. Nakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845690489930120276.post-85586921615241868372020-01-27T06:07:00.001-08:002020-01-27T06:07:05.555-08:00Gender Differences in CommunicationGender Differences in Communication à The Difference of Language Used Between Men and Woman Many have wondered why men and women are so different. Everyone knows that both genders have a different way of talking to each other but no one knows exactly why. Why do males speak differently around females than they do with themselves? Is it through gender stereotypes that cause different language features they use in their speech? Or is there an an outside influence that is causing this phenomenon? The different speaking styles males and females use to converse, shows that their conversations are limited because of the influences of society. Throughout time, males were seen to have a different style of communication with females compared to their usual conversations with their fellow sex. This could also be said for females in vice versa. In male to male conversations, men are more seen to tease and joke around with their friends through profanity, sarcasm, or humor. In addition, they tend to avoid serious and emotional topics while females have these type of topics as their every day conversations. In female to female conversations, women are more careful about the choice of words they use and reflect upon the topics of their conversations. But why do men tend do avoid emotional/serious topics and why do females have to think before they speak? Can men also talk to women as if they were talking to their fellow sex? A sample of fifty California State University of Fullerton students were observed and ask about their opinions of this matter. Forty out of fifty males have responded that revealing their feelings, private li ves, or relationships would show their weaknesses and that it would lower their status as a confident, strong male. Forty-six out of the fifty females have also stated women are more cautious about their choice of words because females tend to be more sensitive and judgmental. And when the males were asked if they can talk to females the same way they talk to their friends, most of them said they cant. They have stated that their words or jokes could be too harsh and possibly hurt a girls feeling as females tend to be more sensitive or emotional. After the experiment, it was concluded that gender stereotypes was a possible major influence in the reason why men and women both speak differently. Although it is concluded that gender stereotypes is an influence on how men and women speak, how early is one introduced and influenced to gender stereotypes? Parents are the role models for their children. Their point of view and beliefs can also influence their childrens beliefs and views. For example, a Dad will tell his son not to cry because men dont cry over trivial things or a Dad will tell his daughter that she is his princess and treats her very gently. A mom can also tell her son to never hit a girl or to never say any mean things to a girl. Therefore, the male would never speak harshly towards or girl or show weakness. Another example would be a Mom telling her daughter her words have consequences and to always be kind to others. Therefore, the female would speak in a polite matter and is cautious with her words. It is shown that the parents can unintentionally integrate the concepts of gender stereotypes in their mind to help their child fit into the social norms of what is right and what is wrong. However, how early can a child learn to differentiate their language between both genders? A study of a one day observation on fifteen preschoolers have been performed. In result, all fifteen pre-schoolers have equally treated their classmates the same. The boys would talk just as roughly to the girls as they would to the boys and the girls would also join in yelling some insults when provoked. However, in recess a boy and girl got injured while running around the slide. The teacher hold the crying girl and comforted her while the teacher aide who took care of the boy, discouraged him from crying. One can see that the children in this early age of development are still oblivious to differentiation of language in genders. Though as they grow up, their personal experience with the people they interact and the people who influence them would slowly change how they speak towards others. Men and women have different perspectives on the world of communication. Women use the language as an act of sharing and an opportunity to increase intimacy with others, as well as toÃâà express themselves and seek advice from others. While men often more focused on small talk that often revolves around topics related to business, sports, weather, and news where they have a clear purpose of the conversation in mind. (World of Psychology, 3) There are many different types of perspective seen by both genders. But can gender change their fixed mindset to a growing mindset? What would happen if males and females were to change their perspective of language and be more tolerant towards each other? For example, would it be possible for girls to be more tolerant of what others says or for males to be more expressive in their conversations? A population of ten Fullerton College students were asked. Eight out of ten said that it would not be possible because gender stereotypes have been ingrained into our culture. Therefore, the majority of the people will always have a fix mindset about the language we use towards different genders. In spite of that, two of the ten have stated that it could be possible but it wouldÃâà gradually take over a long period of time. It is evident that men and womens style of language and communication differs in many ways. The analysis of the studies performed for this research shows that the differentiation of the language between genders is due to gender stereotypes. As well as it could be also due to the fact how the person was raised and what types of people he or she was surrounded with. Although both genders speak the same language, the choice of words have been limited because of the pressures of the societys norms. However, there is hope that someday the people will adapt into a growth mindset and erase the language barrier between males and females. Works Cited 6 Ways Men Women Communicate Differently. World of Psychology. N.p., 16 July 2014.à Web. 13 Feb. 2017. Nakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845690489930120276.post-53969898707997320192020-01-19T02:31:00.001-08:002020-01-19T02:31:04.631-08:00Grant, Hero of A Lesson Before Dying EssayHow we act or react in difficult situations defines our persona. Sometimes these situations provide opportunities to be a hero. After reading Grant Wigginsââ¬â¢s own definition of a hero, it is apparent that Grant becomes a hero. Grant states, ââ¬Å"A hero is someone who does something for other people. He does something that other men donââ¬â¢t and cant to. He is different from other men. He is above other men. No matter who those other men are, the hero, no matter who he is, is above them.â⬠Grant becomes a hero by earning an education to become a teacher, undergoing psychological changes, and counseling Jefferson to die with dignity. A hero is different from others and does something others cannot. Grantââ¬â¢s drive to defy stereo type, become a teacher, and contribute to the community demonstrates that he is a hero. Grant is an African American son of cane-cutters who worked on a Louisiana plantation. He grew up working a labor job and was expected by society to continue as a laborer. Through determination he was able to escape his surroundings to earn a college education. He returns as an educated university man hoping to make a positive impact on society, but is still looked down upon. College gave him a new perspective and educated way of speaking and thinking, but he was still not equal to the whites. Grant continued to persevere through segregation and unfair treatment. He maintained his goal of making a difference by teaching in a church without desks or other supplies. Grants ability to escape his environment and stereotyping, earn an education, and return to his community to make changes, makes him different from others in his community. Grant was different from others and taught in conditions that most could not. Grant is a hero. Grant proved himself a hero, not only by overcoming struggles with racism, but with overcoming struggles within his own mind. A hero is above all other men. Many times a change must take place for man to become a hero above all other men. Throughout the novel, Grant undergoes psychological changes that allow him to become a hero. Grantââ¬â¢s life is filled with rage for the way he is treated by whites. Eventually this rage becomes self-loathing and cynicism, because he feels he is taking the unjust treatment from whites lying down. This downward spiral causes him to alienate himself from people he loves and feel that the community is helpless. During a conversation with Vivian, Grant says, he cannot face Jefferson because he cannot face himself and his own life. Vivian helps Grant realize that he has left the South in the past, has returned, and still has not left. This helps him realize that he is there for a reason. Another change happens when he accepts the task of helping Jefferson. At first Grant is angry and believes that Miss Emma wants him to perform a difficult and maybe impossible task of convincing Jefferson to die with defiance and character. After accepting this task and dealings with Jefferson, Grant realizes what a hero is and he can have an impact on the community. Finally when Grant breaks down in front of his students he realizes that he is ready to connect with the children that he has been so strict with. Many heroes have to overcome an inner struggle to realize their potential for greatness. Eventually through his interactions with his family, Vivian, Jefferson, and students he realizes to view everyone positively which gives him the strength and courage to make an impact in his community. Grantââ¬â¢s actions with Jefferson embody the heroic effort of doing something for someone else. Jefferson is thought of as an animal, and even compared to a ââ¬Å"hogâ⬠. Grant wants Jefferson to believe that he is more than convict and just a black man. Grant wants Jefferson to believe that he can change society. Grant visits Jefferson regularly, councils him, gives him a radio, and hope. Before Jeffersonââ¬â¢s death, Grant confides in him and says, ââ¬Å"My faith is in you, Jefferson.â⬠Through his efforts and faith, Jefferson completes his transformation into a dignified human being. Grantââ¬â¢s perspectives change throughout the novel as a result of his interactions with his family, Vivian, Jefferson, and his students. When given the opportunity to be a hero, he accepts and becomes a hero. His escaping his environment and stereotyping to become a teacher, overcoming psychological struggles, and helping Jefferson die with dignity proves that he is a hero in the novel. Nakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845690489930120276.post-53098447825952602812020-01-10T22:53:00.001-08:002020-01-10T22:53:03.214-08:00 Business Law CaseBrown is a farmer who, amongst other activities, has been in the business of raising chickens on large scale. The baby chicks require a continuous supply of a oxygen to survive and the necessary equipment for that purpose is connected to the electric power supplies to the farm. In thee past brown had suffered a minor loss of chickens from an interruption in this electric service and had, as a result, installed an auxiliary battery operated power generator in the barn to be available as an emergency back-up. He had taken further precaution of having a battery-operated power failure detector in his bedroom so that if the electrical power in the farmhouse failed, a warning signal would alert him to the potential danger of loss of electricity to his operation.ElectriChauncey is a driver for Gardiner transport ltd. While driving the companyââ¬â¢s truck on a night run, Chauncey allowed the vehicle to wander onto the shoulder of the road where the upper part struck overhead wires. As a r esult, electric power service in the areas was interrupted for a periods of five hours. The interruption extinguished the supply of oxygen to brownsââ¬â¢ barn and some 30,000 chickens died. Unfortunately, brown had temporarily disconnected the alarm detector in his bedroom and so on the one occasion when he needed it, it was not in operation. Brown bought an action for damages against both Chauncey and Gardiner transport ltd, to compensate him fir the loss of his chickens.Discuss the merits of the plaintiffââ¬â¢s (plaintiff) case? What will be the de fences? Nakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845690489930120276.post-84454299025257618472020-01-02T19:17:00.001-08:002020-01-02T19:17:02.881-08:00Section 1 Typically, we need a well-balanced meal to give... Section 1: Typically, we need a well-balanced meal to give us the energy to do day-to-day tasks and sometimes we arenââ¬â¢t able to get home cooked meals that are healthy and nutritious on a daily basis, due to the reasons of perhaps low income or your mom not being able to have the time to cook. People rely on fast food, because itââ¬â¢s quicker and always very convenient for full-time workers or anyone in general who just want a quick meal. Eric Schlosser, author of Fast Food Nation argues that Americans should change their nutritional behaviors. In his book, Schlosser inspects the social and economic penalties of the processes of one specific section of the American food system: the fast food industry. Schlosser details the stages of the fastâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦He recounts the agony of dozens of people who have died of infected meat, describes the sufferings of the illegal slaughterhouse workers, and details the sad fate of the independent business owners. In thi s effort, he counts the successes of the people against the corporations. Schlosser aims his book at the average consumer; he urges them to simply stop buying it. He is able to persuade the reader to join him in his accusation of the fast food industry with the revolting details he presents. Although never directly stated, the book is filled with the idea that you, too, will eventually pay the real price of fast food. Even though the truth comes out about fast food, people often disregard the consequences of it, they still eat fast food due to the cheap price and the tastiness of it, which is simply just flavoring less than 2 percent of beef. Section 2: Eric Schlosser argues that the slaughterhouses and meatpacking industries are unsafe, unhygienic and employees are treated falsely. The industry has made and will not make any effort to change its environment and habits. The companies are afraid to make changes to the industry because slowing the pace to protect workers can lead to a competitive disadvantage. Meatpacking is now the most dangerous job in the United States and the industry consists mostly of illegal immigrants and unskilled workers such as teenagers. The conditions are unsafe and unsanitary and they are rarely paid attention to.Show MoreRelatedA Short Note On The, Inc.1838 Words à |à 8 Pageshad an impact in the markets. First, the telecommunication market has dropped 7% in 2002 following WorldCom scandal. It was easy to see that WorldCom scandal on the global market. Second, the scandal caused HGKââ¬â¢s debt security. HGK, standing for Harris, Greenhouse, Kutzel HGK Asset Management company in New Je rsey, invested in $130 million in WorldCom and lost them all, which hurt their growth a lot. Third, WorldCom scandal depreciated the value of dollars. Foreign investorsââ¬â¢s confidence in the USRead MoreAudit and Wall Street13173 Words à |à 53 Pagesfund in the U.S. It invested the assets of the New York state and local employeesââ¬Å¸ retirement system and of the New York State and Local Police and Fire retirement system. The pension fund lost over $300 million of its investments in WorldCom. The HGK Asset Management, a registered investment advisor, also purchased about $130 million of the debt securities offered by WorldCom on behalf of union sponsored pension and benefit plan and lost it all (in re WorldCom, inc., 2003). Institutional investors Nakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845690489930120276.post-10483753923811751852019-12-25T15:43:00.001-08:002019-12-25T15:43:03.860-08:00Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus Ideas Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus Ideas Facts, Fiction and Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus As good because it is to use various quotes in most every paper, you likewise don't need to overdo it. You can purchase an essay from our group of professional writers and utilize it like a template to make your own masterpiece. Simply speaking, this sort of essay requires you to examine the smaller regions of the work to help shed light on the bigger picture. If you're writing a rhetorical analysis essay, perhaps, you will perform your bit of writing facing a massive audience. The Tried and True Method for Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus in Step by Step Detail Sophocles also had an exceptional view of the completely free will as being used to hold responsible as a way to shape various facets of human lives. He's a man of terrific pride and passion who's intent on serving Thebes, but he doesn't have tragic stature until the evidence of his guilt starts to accumulate. High school isn't free in Kenya. One of the most usual varieties of analysis that college and higher school students perform. The Good, the Bad and Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus Well, it isn't virtually mashing the 2 varieties of essays together and hoping everything works out. Tiresas can observe things clearly even though he's blind. It is whenever the vagueness of the story began to diminish, acquiring a brighter view of prediction of what is going to happen next. Another unfair thing, it's. A Secret Weapon for Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus You should offer information which is pertinent to your thesis. It will vary dependent on the subject of discussion and the thesis statement that's created. Choose topics which you're most interested about or that which is timely and you wish to have a deeper investigation. The evidence should directly relate to the claim to provide a great stream of ideas in the subject. What you wil l need is is a blueprinta foolproof approach to receive your essay structured. Before you commence working on an analytical essay you've got to start with analytical essay definition. You should certainly search for an analytical essay example. There are various sorts of essays that I would assume most of you are already acquainted with. Sophocles is among the dramatists that's been greatly celebrated. Your essay has to be logical and simple to read. Whenever your analytical essay is all typed up, they can let you make certain it's as great as it can get. Keep in mind it is not a narrative essay, rather an essay that is directed at analyzing the subject. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus In addition, the manner that others speak to him must get an influence on the manner he views himself. Sometimes utilizing a hook statement can be effective, but it's not required. Perhaps, even more the being a universal price, the notion of truth is just a fundamental price, because there are few instances and written works which don't, in at least some sense, are based on the value of truth as a way to infuse the plot with meaning and depth. It's good there are options to select from but if you don't understand how to distinguish good and bad writing support, it can impact the end pro duct you get. These points offer you some ideas on what questions you may ask regarding their services. You are able to use this to your advantage to be sure that you have each of your bases covered. There are a couple aspects to look for that can produce the selection process much easier without the bother. The Little-Known Secrets to Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus Oedipus Rex is most likely the most renowned tragedy ever written. Oedipus makes it rather apparent that he'll do anything it requires to discover the murderer and for the townspeople to reveal any information they may have. Owing to these characteristics Oedipus was able to resolve the riddle offered to him by the Sphinx. At this case,f Oedipus was determined to be aware of the truth about his life. Details which were provided about Oedipus the King indicate that the play is quite intriguing. Oedipus's desire to acquire knowledge which will help to rid Thebes of its pollution is evident from the start of the play. Creon returns, bringing great news. Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus Fundamentals Explained Incompliance with format and outline can diminish your grade, and this is hardly something you wish to occur. Proofreading is the main region of the post writing process. Not only do you have to remember to incorporate the citation, you also ought to make sure you're employing the proper method to achieve that. You also have to supply a reference page at the conclusion of your paper for additional particulars of the original sources. There's no particular style for the introduction, but background information has become the most frequent system of approach. Usually employed for extra info and statistics. Nakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845690489930120276.post-67546777366179447892019-12-17T11:33:00.001-08:002019-12-17T11:33:03.819-08:00Regression Analysis for Demand Estimation - 1065 Words Demand Estimation by Regression Method ââ¬â Some Statistical Concepts for application ( All the formulae marked in red for remembering. The rest is for your concept) In case of demand estimation working with data on sales and prices for a period of say 10 years may lead to the problem of identification. In such a case the different variables that may have changed over time other than price, may have an impact on demand more rather than price. In order to void this problem of identification what we adopt is the techniques of demand estimation through regression process in order to distinguish the effects of different variables on demand. In order to understand the basic working and application of the model, let us start with two variableâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦However there are other parameters the output box provides us. Test of Significance of b value that implies how significant is the impact of the variation in the explanatory variable on variation caused for dependent variable. For this we test the null hypothesis b =0. for that we use a test statistic that follows the t- distribution with degrees of freedom n-k, where nis the number of observations and k is the number of parameters estimated In this case n=10 and k=2. therefore d.f=8. the test statistic t is defined as, as b=0 under null hypothesis and S.E. is the standard error of the estimated b. The S.E of estimated b is given by (to be remembered). This means that as standard error of estimated b is high the variation due to unexplained variation is relatively hgher as compared with the variation explained by explanatory variable. Thus significance of b will be less as t value will be small. T value is compared with the tabulated value of t with degrees of freedom 8 and level of significance to be equal to 5% (level of significance is the region where we may commit Type I error ââ¬â Rejecting Null HypothesisShow MoreRelatedRegression Analysis for Demand Estimation1052 Words à |à 5 PagesDemand Estimation by Regression Method à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â¬Å" Some Statistical Concepts for application ( All the formulae marked in red for remembering. The rest is for your concept) In case of demand estimation working with data on sales and prices for a period of say 10 years may lead to the problem of identification. In such a case the different variables that may have changed over time other than price, may have an impact on demand more rather than price. In order to void this problem of identification whatRead MoreManagerial Economics Case Study1010 Words à |à 5 PagesECO 556 BM221 4c ââ¬Å"DEMAND FOR VE MICROWAVE OVENâ⬠TABLE OF CONTACT 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2.0 METHODOLOGY 3.0 DATA DEMAND FOR VE MICROWAVE OVEN 4.0 EQUATION 5.0 FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATION 5.1 Evaluation of Statically Significant At 95% Or Significant Level for Each Independent Variable. 5.2 Interpretation Coefficient of Determination 5.3 Interpretation of F-Test 5.4 Interpretation of Standard Error of Estimate 5.5 Derivation of Demand Curve 5.6 Elasticity of Demand 6.0 CONCLUSION APPENDIX Read MoreUniversity Book Store Computer Purchase Program930 Words à |à 4 PagesProgram 1. Background. The Busy Biker is a bike shop located close to Tokyo University and owned by Nomura Hideki. He began the shop 20 years ago and sell new and second hand bicycle after fixing it too. The Business grew and demand continued to increase. 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Monthly binary dummy covers from January to November and does not include dummy for December to avoid dummy variable trap. Severe multicollinearity between price variables of on-peak, mid-peak and off peak limited the estimation of cross price elasticity. We assume that individual error components are uncorrelated with each other. With regards to choice of econometricRead MoreRegression Analysis1447 Words à |à 6 PagesREGRESSION ANALYSIS Correlation only indicates the degree and direction of relationship between two variables. It does not, necessarily connote a cause-effect relationship. Even when there are grounds to believe the causal relationship exits, correlation does not tell us which variable is the cause and which, the effect. For example, the demand for a commodity and its price will generally be found to be correlated, but the question whether demand depends on price or vice-versa; will not be answeredRead MoreData Description Of Raw Data Essay963 Words à |à 4 Pagesassumed that Demand equals to Supply. Therefore, the monthly quantity demanded for strawberries imports Q, usually increases from January and reaches its peak in April, and starts to decline afterwards. Q is the lowest of the year in August and September, and starts to increase again (see Teble-1). Demand Estimation and Forecasting Procedure Assumptions The estimated demand was assumed to be linear, and exporting countries face downward sloping demand curves: the relationship between the demand for andRead MoreRegression Analysis : Data And Writing Project Description887 Words à |à 4 Pagesrecommendations based on regression analysis. The demand curve shows the quantity demanded at each price. Equivalently, the inverse demand curve shows the willingness to pay for the last item at a given quantity. I agree with your regression coefficients of Q = 883223.748 - 25355.71584P and Cost = 3122901 +8.755693 Q. Linear regression is better at interpolating than extrapolating. The prices ranged from 10.99 to 31.99, so we are interpolating between prices of 10.99 and 31.99. The linear regression is less reliableRead MoreEco550 Assignment 11150 Words à |à 5 PagesAssignment 1: Making Decisions Based on Demand and Forecasting Managerial Economics and Globalization, ECO550 Making Decisions Based on Demand and Forecasting A market demand analysis is used to help understand how much consumer demand there is for a given product or service. This type of analysis will help determine if a business can successfully enter a market and generate enough revenue and profit to maintain the business. One must identify the market and the growthRead MoreMaking Decisions Based on Demand and Forecasting1146 Words à |à 5 PagesAssignment 1: Making Decisions Based on Demand and Forecasting Managerial Economics and Globalization, ECO550 Making Decisions Based on Demand and Forecasting A market demand analysis is used to help understand how much consumer demand there is for a given product or service. This type of analysis will help determine if a business can successfully enter a market and generate enough revenue and profit to maintain the business. One must identify the market and the growth Nakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845690489930120276.post-32314976592265275232019-12-09T08:16:00.001-08:002019-12-09T08:16:03.569-08:00Strategic Supply Chain Management and Logistics of Wal Mart Question: Discuss about the Strategic Supply Chain Management and Logistics of Wal Mart. Answer: Introduction Today, all successful companies are reaching out other markets in other countries or beyond boundaries. While doing business, the most crucial aspect of a company is related with the supply and distribution of raw material and finished goods in the target market effectively and efficiently. Thus, implementation of strategic and strong supply chain management and logistics is very vital in any organization (Leeman, 2010). This management is related with the planning, scheming, controlling and implementation of all business functions associated with the acquisition, manufacturing, dispersion and merchandising of products and services. In this study, significance and execution of effective supply chain management has been discussed. Along with this, integration of information technology to improve and benefit supply chain management are also been illustrated. The company is Wal- Mart to report and outline all the supply chain management and logistic aspects of a company. Moreover, effective logistic and procurement management plus strategy to improve supply chain management have also been represented. Wal-Mart is the largest and most prestigious supermarket in retailing industry in the world. Besides this, supply chain management is the backbone of any organisation that provides resources with low cost management (Brunn, 2006). It is just like nutrition to the company as it helps the company in operating and functioning of its business smoothly with financial benefits. Wal-Mart is based on the rebate retailing and opens up huge warehouse style supermarkets to save costs. It is also known as discounted city because of their supply chain management, they re able to operate their stores economically plus their self distribution management and transportation by trucks and deployment of RFIDS and bar codes to track their products with the suppliers are very efficient and effective (Coyle, 2012). This provides environment to a company to achieve its targeted goals in the market conveniently. In addition to this, an effective supply china management enable a company to reduce its supply chain cost as well as risk of costly breakdowns. Strategic supply chain management also ensures sufficient resources for the company with its extra money (Dyckhoff, et al., 2004). Moreover, it helps in improving the operational management due to which all the functions of the company carried out effectively. It also reduces the delivery time of the company that ultimately augments the experience of the customers and increases satisfaction among them. Supply Chain Management and Business Function Affiliation Wal-Mart supply chain management is very strong which assists it in other functions of the business such as purchasing of products from the wholesalers and suppliers, impressive inventory management like distribution, tracking, recording and availability of products on time. Furthermore, supply chain management integrated with information technology helps Wal-Mart in all other business function such as marketing and sales department to reach the target market and effective sales management in financial department (Hugos, 2010). Moreover, the strategic supply china management also aids in engineering department and human resource department. Wal-Mart also benefited in productive manufacturing system that cuts costs as well as improves the quality of the goods. Hence, it can be seen visibly that business functions are coordinated and efficaciously operated with the supply chain management. Wal-Mart persistently uses supply chain management to increase its market share and to survive or take competitive advantage over other competitors. Powerful supply chain management increases the skills and process experience of a company. Wal-Mart is emphasising in strengthening its supply china management over general business strategies (Rushton, et al., 2007). Thus, it can be depicted that supply chain management is based on the outlook of the company and its management team whether they are taking it as competitive advantage and very important part to perform business functions or not (Hugos, 2010). Moreover, is company able to outsource its supply chain management plus what are the resources company has that can give positive privilege to the supply chain of the company. It is also based on the factors that how company reacts to achieve its customers services, growth and profitability (Rushton, et al., 2007). Some of the key drivers that improve the supply chain management of Wal-Mart are customer services management process and procurement process. Customer service management is related to the customer experience and satisfaction because of services and products provided by the company. Procurement is the relationship of suppliers with the company that affects the product quality and cost management of the company. Building a strong relationship with the customer as well as suppliers is very important in this regards. Relationship management with suppliers via Strategies Wal-Mart advanced performance is based on the strong connections and longevity of the suppliers that helps any manufacturing in its growth. Information exchange between the suppliers and the company through RFIDS and bar codes are the strategy to coherence and articulate the relation between suppliers, wholesalers and Wal-Mart (Bidgoli, 2010). Its supply chain management is also famous for Just-In-Time delivery of the products. They are also precocious in sourcing their suppliers and easy relationship management with the suppliers. This provides various advantages to the company at the crucial or adverse time of companies. Besides that, many researches in manufacturing companies have shown that modern relationship management with suppliers are superior over the tradition price driven management of suppliers. Wal-Mart adopted some of the very effective and advanced technologies that bestowed it with easy and clear management of the company with supply chain management such as Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CPRF) and Vendor Management Inventory (VMI) in its sales force (Bidgoli, 2010). It helps them in providing the product requirement from the market and objective to the manufacturing resource planning department to work accordingly. It also strengthens their inventory control management by effective co-ordination between suppliers and distributors. Filling stock on time, recording and crisis management is also being handled with ease due to integration of information technology. Wal-Mart satellite network is very advanced that appends transactions at the time of sale and sent massages to its management team quite easily. The software system incorporation in business processes has enabled companies in accurate accounting and recording of the data and transactions (Roberts and Berg, 2012). Due to information technological incorporation Just-In-Time manufacturing practices are also being implemented appropriately in Wal-Mart. Suppliers demand is also watched in the company by global satellite system, Retail Link which enables company to analyse and forecast suppliers demand. It is connected with suppliers network and provides real time sales data to distribution centres and cash counters. Create System for Supplier Relationship Management Supplier and buyer relationship is a vital aspect in the cost cutting and it also indirectly related with the customers satisfaction, customers gets qualitative goods in time as a result of good relationship with the suppliers (Hugos, 2010). Thus, this relationship needs a considerable focus to amplify the coordination and healthy relationship between suppliers and buyers. Some of the information system that helps the company in proper supplier relationship management is articulation of real time information associated with orders and market trends. Moreover, change in demand is also being forecasted and treated in time will help the company (Mangan, et al., 2008.). Supply information is being hatched and handled timely. Inventory systems that help in predicting the market need and communication and collaboration through internet with the suppliers to share massages and informations. Enterprise Resource System is integrated in the supply management system of Wal-Mart that embroils programming of entire business regarding suppliers such as placing order, tracking orders, receiving details and issue of invoices and bills. Along with this, online analytical processing system helps a company to predict on sales performance from different suppliers by analysing the history of the supplier. Wal-Mart uses integration information system in the supply chain management to mainly carry its operations with effective and coherent knowledge management between the stakeholders and management of the company. Persuasive knowledge management is the success key of Wal-Mart. Furthermore, Wal-Mart uses its advanced technologies in every part of the company for a flexible but accurate communication (Myerson, 2012.). Using Transactional Process System, the company ensures the timely and accurate billing, payroll and point-of-sale in the company which also entails the use of universal bar code with incorporating satellite system and electronic scanning of uniform product code for better knowledge management. It also helps in potent merchandising and inventory control. Next is Management Information System (MIS) that provides correct performance report of the company improves the security, tracking and business to business transaction of the company (Sukati, et al., 2012). Last is DSS that is related with the data storage with the help of retail link, it helps in improving the relationship of both retailers as well as suppliers. Information technology has contributed a vital functioning and operation ease to the company. It provides all the transaction to the company in real time as well as it communicates and forecasts with the information technology implementation significantly (Sukati, et al., 2012). It has provides strategic planning to the company to successfully achieve its targeted goals and improve its way of operations by fastening and delivering data with accuracy. Information technology is the fastest way of commute any message to any department of the company. It escalates the productivity of staff of the company (Wisner, 2014). Furthermore, it ensures the competitive advantage to the company and enhances the electronic bill experience. It aids in depleting the cost and enhances the tracing and expedition services. In Wal-Mart information technology has solved many issues related to almost all departments very effectively (Coyle, et al., 2012). However, there are various aspects which can be outlined as how information technology has a positive impact in supply chain management. It has provided the best E business solution to the company and provided extra time and budged to the company personnel's to look out for other serious and severe matters of the company. It has improved all over implementation of supply chain management by endowing rapid motion and teamwork support in the operation system (Monczka, et al. 2015.). In addition to this, it has provided effective supplier and retailer relationship management. Information technology enabled the best warehouse management for Wal-Mart with quick processing and quality information. Role of Logistics Management and Procurement Practices in Wal-Mart Basically the logistics management and procurement practices are categorised into four parts that is material management, channel management, distribution management and supply chain management (Ross, 2013). The material handling facilitated by logistic management enhances the quality and process of the production and manufacturing of the products. Channel management helps in transportation, and communication of raw material, and finished goods from one place to another (Ross, 2013). Distribution management is associated with the supplies of product in its ultimate place or middle place. With the execution of effective logistic management supply chain management complements the company in determined growth and profitability. There are some factors that need to be profoundly acknowledged while considering management practices related to logistics and procurement. It includes effective order processing, which ensures the improvement in performance of any task carried by the logistic department. Second is transportation that is related with the cost cutting by the aid of logistics department (Liu, 2011). Declined transportation cost will give competitive advantage to the company by making its product cost at low price and offering it as discounted price to the customers. Third, inventory management that is crucial and vital part of the company gives the maximum assistance to the logistic department by handling it right. Moreover, others are warehousing, material handling are also factors that influences the improvement in the logistic and procurement department (Croxton, 2001). Additionally, last is information system is the foremost integral part of the logistic and procurement management as it provides the best and advanced help to make the work faster and easier. To improve the supply chain management, some points can be considered that provides the company an opportunity to increase its profitability even more (Christopher, 2016). The focus of the company should always prcised on the narrowing of the supply chain cost of the organisation. Besides that, any strategy implemented in the supply chain management should involve less time to complete the whole process. The targeted value of production should always be watched and acquired through systematic execution of planned strategy (Ross, 2013). The quality of the product should be the main concern in the supply chain process for the customer satisfaction. Strategies should be based on the subsidised cost and with optimal utilisation of resources. Improvement in Business Performance Through Improvement Strategy With the above strategies for improvising the supply chain management, company will get some long- term and steady benefits such as lowering the over all cost in the supply chain management will give financial resources to the company (Lia, 2006). Along with this the improvised supply chain management will assist in satisfaction of customer services, effective manufacturing of the product and knowledge sharing even more flexible and clear between the management (Natto, 2014). On the other hand, it will also accumulate trusts between the stakeholders of the company and fewer inventories will be handled by the employees. To reduce the overall barriers in the implementation of new plan Wal-Mart has to make strong connection with customers as well as focus on suppliers and retailers. Apart from this, it has to reduce any complex system or hard strategies that delays or resists the production or operation of the company (Natto, 2014). Along with this, improvement in predictions related to market trends or suppliers, sales, production will also help in enhancing supply chain management effectiveness. Conclusion In the above discussion, it has been highlighted that Wal-Mart is fully integrated with potent supply chain management incorporating information technology. It benefits the company in proper knowledge management of the company which ensures the functioning of every business function smoothly. Relationship with suppliers are also being handled by the company very consciously by implementing strategic supply chain management and advanced technology. Hence, the discussion also entails the strategies that should be used by Wal-Mart to improve its supply chain management or logistic procurement. References Bidgoli, H. 2010. The Handbook of Technology Management, Supply Chain Management, Marketing and Advertising, and Global Management. John Wiley Sons. Brunn, S. D. 2006. Wal-Mart World: The World's Biggest Corporation in the Global Economy. Taylor Francis. Christopher, M. 2016. Logistics Supply Chain Management. 5th ed. Pearson UK. Coyle, J. J. 2012. Supply Chain Management: A Logistics Perspective. 2nd ed. Cengage Learning Coyle, J. J., et al. 2012. Supply Chain Management: A Logistics Perspective. 9th ed. Cengage Learning. Croxton, K. L. 2001. The Supply Chain Management Processes.[Online.]Available at: https://ecsocman.hse.ru/data/474/089/1217/article4.pdf [Accessed On14 April 2017]. Dyckhoff, H., et al. 2004. Supply Chain Management and Reverse Logistics. Springer Science Business Media. Hugos, M. H. 2010. Essentials of Supply Chain Management. 2nd ed. John Wiley Sons. Leeman, J. J. A. 2010. Supply Chain Management: Fast, Flexible Supply Chains in Manufacturing and Retailing. Books on Demand. Lia, S., et. al. 2006. The impact of supply chain management practices on competitive advantage and organizational performance. Omega 34, pp.107 124. Liu, J. J. 2011. Supply Chain Management and Transport Logistics. Routledge. Mangan, J., et al. 2008. Global Logistics and Supply Chain Management. John Wiley Sons. Monczka, R. M. et al. 2015. Purchasing and Supply Chain Management. 6th ed. Cengage Learning. Myerson, P. 2012. Lean Supply Chain and Logistics Management. McGraw Hill Professional. Natto, H. 2014. Wal-Mart Supply Chain Management. International Journal of Scientific Engineering Research 5(1), pp. 1023-1026. Roberts, B., and Berg, N. 2012. Walmart: Key Insights and Practical Lessons from the World's Largest Retailer. Kogan Page Publishers. Ross, D. F. 2013. Competing Through Supply Chain Management: Creating Market-Winning Strategies Through Supply Chain Partnerships. Springer Science Business Media. Rushton, A. et al. 2007. International Logistics and Supply Chain Outsourcing: From Local to Global. Kogan Page Publishers. Sukati, I., et al. 2012. The Study of Supply Chain Management Strategy and Practices on Supply Chain Performance. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 40, pp. 225-233. Wisner, J. D. 2014. Principles of Supply Chain Management: A Balanced Approach. 4th ed. Cengage Learning. Nakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845690489930120276.post-50860443986495676862019-12-01T19:57:00.001-08:002019-12-01T19:57:02.970-08:00One Writers Beginnings Rhetorical Analysis free essay sample In many ways, Welty hides from the truth or at least protects herself from it by detaching herself from reality. Through context, clever word choice, and rhetorical devices, Welty compares and contrasts how she confronts pain compared with her parents, revealing a greater truth about humanityââ¬â¢s ability to cope due to upbringing and life experiences. Despite living a sheltered life with relatively low risk, Eudora Welty has experienced great loss and pain in her life. In 1931, leukemia claimed her fatherââ¬â¢s life. When her father lay there in pain and agony, she stood there watching, helpless to stop the pain. Welty watched as her mother tried to save her fatherââ¬â¢s life with a blood transfusion. She witnessed the blood transfusion go horribly wrong, and her father die before her very eyes. She lived through seeing her mother become frail and weak with age, ââ¬Å"lying helpless and nearly blindâ⬠(52). In her long life, Welty has witnessed all of these tragic events happen to the people she loved and had to learn to cope. We will write a custom essay sample on One Writers Beginnings Rhetorical Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Weltyââ¬â¢s methods of coping with the pain reveal fascinating things about her and the effects of her upbringing. While Weltyââ¬â¢s statements and words provide great insight into her thoughts, what she does not write has almost, if not more, value. She never directly describes how the loss of her parents affected her emotionally. After her fatherââ¬â¢s death, she makes no mention of how the loss impacted her or hurt her. Clearly she respected and loved her father greatly. In fact, she called her father, ââ¬Å"Daddyâ⬠(82), conveying the level of affection and closeness she felt to Christian Welty. However, rather than portray her emotional turmoil at the sight of her ather dying from leukemia, she details the incident as if she were an impassive observer studying her motherââ¬â¢s reactions. By not focusing too intently on emotions and detaching herself from the event, Welty makes reality less painful. Instead of describing her emotions, she reports the emotional distress of her mother who continues to blame herself after the fatherââ¬â¢s death (93). Perhaps by conveying her mo therââ¬â¢s despair, Welty actually provides the reader with a small glimpse of her true emotions, ones that she has carefully hidden to protect herself from harm. Furthermore, Welty often deflects painful events with humor and a detached matter-of-factness. Welty describes a ââ¬Å"fast-beating heartâ⬠ailment that left her bed-ridden for months when she was younger as a seemingly innocuous affair. Stating, ââ¬Å"I felt all right- perhaps I felt too goodâ⬠¦At any rate, I was allowed to occupy all day my parentââ¬â¢s double bedâ⬠(20), Welty nonchalantly dismisses the ailment as nothing major. The word ââ¬Å"allowedâ⬠makes the disease sound like something beneficial that bestowed her with a privilege while the words ââ¬Å"at any rateâ⬠consciously deflect the severity of the moment. She does not focus for long on times of pain and makes sure to divert the readerââ¬â¢s attention with a quick diversion. Throughout her work, Welty does this. After describing her grandfatherââ¬â¢s chilling last words to her mother, ââ¬Å"If you let them tie me down, Iââ¬â¢ll dieâ⬠(51), Welty immediately follows with an amusing story of her motherââ¬â¢s interaction with the surgeon who incredulously repeats back at her ââ¬Å"You donââ¬â¢t know anybody in Baltimore? â⬠(51). Welty moves through events at a workman-like pace never allowing the emotional tension to rise too high, not allowing herself to dwell too much. Since she lived a sheltered life, when confronted with the harsh realities of life, Welty tries to lessen the pain and tension to ease the realization, a characteristic that becomes evident in her writing. On the other hand, Weltyââ¬â¢s parents experienced far less sheltered lives. The two were forced to grow up far quicker than Welty. Weltyââ¬â¢s father copes in a similar way as Eudora Welty herself. He does not like the past, so he simply avoids it and looks to the future. His mother died at a young age, and as Welty states, ââ¬Å"He never happened to tell us a single family storyâ⬠(63), showing his reluctance to focus on his painful past and a willingness to just create a happy future for his family. However, unlike her father, Welty does acknowledge the past and its significance; she just doesnââ¬â¢t dwell on it for too long. In total contrast, Weltyââ¬â¢s mother focused exclusively on past experiences and used those to base her future actions. Describing her motherââ¬â¢s mind as a, ââ¬Å"mass of associationsâ⬠(19), Welty creates a brilliant image that signifies that one idea in her head must always be connected to another. The word ââ¬Å"massâ⬠creates the image that these associations are overbearing and thick. Weltyââ¬â¢s mother allows guilt to take over her life. Weltyââ¬â¢s grandfatherââ¬â¢s last words, ââ¬Å"If you let them tie me down, Iââ¬â¢ll dieâ⬠(51), has a lasting impact on Weltyââ¬â¢s mother because the word ââ¬Å"letâ⬠implies she had some choice. The word ââ¬Å"letâ⬠allows her to blame herself for her fatherââ¬â¢s death. From that point, Weltyââ¬â¢s mother took every bitter loss as a sign of her failure. She blamed herself for her little babyââ¬â¢s death. She blamed herself if any harm befell her children. She blamed herself for her husbandââ¬â¢s death. Guilt overwhelmed her. By trying to overprotect Eudora Welty, she spread some of this guilt and fear of loss to her. Although Welty does not have as crippling a fear as her mother, this fear manifests itself in the ways she brushes aside and dismisses pain in order to marginalize it. Everyone deals with loss at some point in his or her life. Due to Weltyââ¬â¢s sheltered life, she could shield herself from the truth. However, once she began writing, Welty had to look inward. Her father never liked fiction because it was not factual. However, Welty used fiction and writing as a device to confront realities about herself and her parents that she had previously ignored. Writing provided her with an outlet and a coping mechanism. Every person deals differently with loss. Weltyââ¬â¢s mother allowed her guilt over her perceived failures to eat her up. She kept her loved ones like her daughter very close and overprotected them. Willing to even sacrifice herself for something she loved, she ran into a burning building with crutches to rescue her Dickens books (45). Of course, such overbearing love inevitably leads to some pushing away from loved ones that desire independence. Her coping mechanism was entirely self destructive and unhealthy. Weltyââ¬â¢s father coped by mainly avoiding the past and ignoring its existence. Although he kept memorabilia from his mother, he never spoke of it. All three provide interesting case studies in how upbringing and experience can influence methods one uses to cope. Though possibly painful, the truth is never as destructive as an unhealthy method of coping. Nakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845690489930120276.post-15682433462106011782019-11-26T20:12:00.001-08:002019-11-26T20:12:03.889-08:00Ways of Forming Words Essay ExampleWays of Forming Words Essay Example Ways of Forming Words Essay Ways of Forming Words Essay WAYS OF FORMING WORDS Compounding is the word formation process in which two or more words combine into a single new word. Compound words may be written as one word or as two words joined with a hyphen. Shortening is the word formation process in which a word is reduced or shortened without changing the meaning of the word. Blending is the word formation process in which parts of two or more words combine to create a new word whose meaning is often a combination of the original words. Affixing is the word formation process in which a prefix, suffix or infix attaches to the base form of a word to create a new word. Back-formation is the word formation process in which an actual or supposed derivational affix detaches from the base form of a word to create a new word. (SIMPSONS EXAMPLE: BILLBOARD FOR ââ¬ËTONIGHT ââ¬â WRITERS ON WRITING, TOMORROW ââ¬â JANITORS ON JANITINGââ¬â¢) Conversion is the word formation process in which a word of one grammatical form becomes a word of another grammatical form without any changes to spelling or pronunciation. Abbreviation is the word formation process in which a word or phrase is shortened. Intialisms are a type of abbreviation formed by the initial letters of a word or phrase. Acronyms are words formed by the word formation process in which an initialism is pronounced as a word. Eponyms are words formed from the name of a real of fictitious person. Coinage is the word formation process in which a new word is created either deliberately or accidentally without using the other word formation processes and often from seemingly nothing. Borrowing is the word formation process in which a word from one language is borrowed directly into another language. Calquing is the word formation process in which a borrowed word or phrase is literally translated from one language to another. Commonisation is the process of a productââ¬â¢s brand-name becoming the generic term for that product. Here are some examples of each of these ways of forming words. Next to each one write the method that has been used. There is one example for each method. Word Method 1. AIDSAcronym (Since the initialism is pronounced like a actual word already. *other examples, scuba, laser 2. AlgebraBorrowing (from Greek) 3. Band-aidCommonisation for a stick-on gauze pad or strip 4. Break-upCompounding 5. DisappearAffixing 6. ExamShortening 7. Flea market -Calquing since itââ¬â¢s translated literally from marche aux puces in Paris, so-called ââ¬Å"because there are so many second-hand articles sold of all kinds that they are believed to gather fleas. 8. Microwave (noun) ââ¬â Microwave (verb)-Conversion (from the grammatical form of a noun to a verb) 9. MotelBlending (motor + hotel) 10. NylonCoining 11. RSVPAbbreviation 12. SandwichEponym (from Earl Sandwich) 13. TeleviseBackformation from television Nakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845690489930120276.post-81925473499306821202019-11-23T03:46:00.001-08:002019-11-23T03:46:04.001-08:00The History Behind Who Invented HTMLThe History Behind Who Invented HTML Some of the people who drive the transformation of the internet are well-known: think Bill Gates and Steve Jobs. But those who developed its inner workings are often totally unknown, anonymous, and unsung in an age of hyper-information that they themselves helped to create. Definition of HTML HTML is the authoring language used to create documents on the web. Ità is used to define the structure and layout of aà web page, how a page looks, and any special functions. HTML does this by using what are called tags that have attributes. For example, p means a paragraph break. As the viewer of a web page, you dont see HTML; it is hidden from your view. You see only the results. Vannevar Bush Vannevar Bush was an engineer born at the end of the 19th century. By the 1930s he was working on analog computers and in 1945 wrote the article As We May Think, published in the Atlantic Monthly. In it, he describes a machine he called memex, which would store and retrieve information via microfilm. It would consist of screens (monitors), a keyboard, buttons, and levers. The system he discussed in this article is very similar to HTML, and he called the links between various pieces of information associative trails. This article and theory laid the foundation for Tim Berners-Lee and others to invent the World Wide Web, HTML (hypertext markup language), HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), and URLs (Universal Resource Locators) in 1990. Bush died in 1974 before the web existed or the internet became widely known, but his discoveries were seminal. Tim Berners-Lee and HTML Tim Berners-Lee, a scientist and academic, was the primary author of HTML, with the assistance of his colleagues at CERN, an international scientific organization based in Geneva. Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989 at CERN. He was named one of Time magazines 100 most important people of the 20th century for this accomplishment. Berners-Lees browser editor was developed in 1991-92. This was a true browser editor for the first version of HTML and ran on a NeXt workstation. Implemented in Objective-C, it, made it easy to create, view, and edit web documents. The first version of HTML was formally published in June 1993. Nakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845690489930120276.post-33902882366941171802019-11-21T04:07:00.001-08:002019-11-21T04:07:12.609-08:00Research methods and perspectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsResearch methods and perspectives - Essay Example Ethics has a number of significant branches that can be summarized here as meta-ethics which details the theoretical implications as well as references related with moral propositions and how the truth meanings could be discerned. The normative ethics discuss the practical means through which moral courses of actions are found out. Applied ethics states how ethical outcomes could be attained within specified circumstances, situations and events. Moral psychology is another branch of ethics which deals with the proposition of how moral capacity develops and how its nature works to good effect (Sarantakos 2005). Lastly, descriptive ethics looks at the moral values, principles and beliefs which people listen and adhere to, on a consistent basis. All of these branches have one or the other moral justifications that do play their respective roles within the ethical understandings (Seale 2004). There are however a number of schools of thought as far as comprehending the basic premise behin d ethics and the sub-fields of study are also present under its aegis. The famous personalities who have played significant roles in forming ethical theories include G E Moore, John Rawls, Socrates, Aristotle, John Piper, Epictetus, Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, Immanuel Kant, G E M Anscombe, Karl Marx, Judith Martin to name a few. Understanding the world of ethics is based on a number of beliefs, most common of which is the act of doing universal good so that the wellness of the society could be assured. This means that the people who are ethically-driven will usually bring a great deal of sanity within the different processes and actions they are involved in, and thus assist the society to grow and develop in a very positive fashion. Ethical perspectives keep on changing with the passage of time because these are seen from differential contexts every now and then (Snidal 2008). However the element of doing good and being seen as good is something that Nakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845690489930120276.post-78003011669914366282019-11-19T17:28:00.001-08:002019-11-19T17:28:03.734-08:00Role of Information Technology in Kentucky Fried Chicken EssayRole of Information Technology in Kentucky Fried Chicken - Essay Example Information system helps to change or restructure the business and also quickens the response time to changes in the environment. There are various features of information system that can help a firm gain competitive advantage. For example the decision support system helps firms to align their information system with the business strategies. Then there is the Enterprise resource planning solutions that link the business process with the firmââ¬â¢s objective of optimizing the enterprise resources. Also there is the database system that having ââ¬Å"data miningâ⬠capabilities which makes the best use of information for production, innovation and marketing (Hemmatfar, Salehi & Bayat, 2010, p. 158-160). For the purpose of this report let me first describe about the Fast food industry. It is one of the largest growing industries. The industry is characterized by the foods which are prepared and served quickly. Typically, the foods of this industry are sold in retail food outlets or in a packaged form. The major market players of this industry are Kentucky fried chicken, McDonalds, Pizza hut, Dominos, Arbyââ¬â¢s, Subway, Fingers and Del Taco among various other players. Franchise operation acts as the most crucial element of this industry. The noticeable foodstuffs includes pizzas, burgers, sandwiches, French fries, fried chicken, ice creams and also foods like noodles, fried rice and soups among the others. Presently information technology is widely used in fast food industry. The market share of KFC and its competitors are as follows:- Figure 1 (Source: pugetsoundoff, n.d.). Information technology plays an essential role in the unprecedented growth of fast food industry. In this sector the functions of Information technology is significant as it helps in research and development process, marketing process and also in the financial segment. Information systems help organisations in the fast food industry to not only deliver products and services at low c osts but also deliver differentiated products and services. Organisations are using information system to create niche markets for themselves and at the same time focus on developing new and innovative products. The current applications being used in fast food industry include the following:- Point of sale system ââ¬â It manages the total selling process of an outlet. This is also responsible for the formation and printing of the receipt. A typical retail food outlet POS includes a computer, receipt printer, bar-code scanner, customer display and a cash drawer. Apart from these basic requirements the system sometimes also consists of debit & credit card reader. The next application includes these cash registers are coupled with the computerized system which automatically prepares accounting reports and facilitates reordering of inventories. It also helps in tracking the internal orders and sales. The other application which is very much in use is the Customer Relationship Manage ment System. Customer relationship management (CRM) is all about managing and increasing customer relationships that can help the company to drive the costs down and increase the viability of products and services. (Anderson & Kerr, 2001, p.1-11). Data about customers like Nakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845690489930120276.post-42070283989083587872019-11-17T06:00:00.001-08:002019-11-17T06:00:06.055-08:00India a Global Economic Super Power Essay Example for Free India a Global Economic Super Power Essay New parts of the world that were not long ago considered undeveloped, backwater countries, are now taking center stage in the global economy. Much has been publicized about the ascendance of Chinas economy, as it has become a major venue for the manufacturing of products sought after by worldwide consumers eager for cheaper goods. However, Chinas Asian neighbor, India, also has a vigorously growing economy. Indias economy is partly being fueled by companies around the world seeking to reduce their costs by outsourcing some of their operations there. A March 9, 2005 article in the International Herald Tribune reported that within 30 years, India is projected to have the worlds third largest economy and more people than China. Russell DSouza, International Credit Risk Manager for Hallmark International, pointed out that India implemented modern, capitalistic economic reforms in the early 1990s that are producing positive results. The Tribune article reported that Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, who as Finance Minister championed these reforms, proposed major investments in his first budget for education, modernizing Indias colonial-era infrastructure, and lowering tariffs. DSouza also noted India has modernized its banking regulations. India has liberalized its laws to allow foreign banks to take over branches. Local Indian private banks are allowed to set up foreign bank branches. The banking rules have been liberalized considerably. The CIA World Factbooks website estimates that by July 2005, Indias population will be slightly fewer than 1. 1 billion, of nearly 16 percent of the worlds population, not far behind Chinas, which is projected to be 1. 3 billion. Market Place PRI, a business radio program, reported on March 14, 2005 that a recent economic survey predicted India would grow at 7 percent this year. However, the report went on to assert that many economic analysts say that India needs to improve its infrastructure. DSouza, who grew up in India but now lives in the U. S, experienced the problems India has with the Lagging state of much of its infrastructure. Youve got an infrastructure that is woeful. Its one of Indias biggest Achilles heels. Its worse than Chinas. Just the sheer size of its growing middle class provides a huge potential market for India-based companies. DSouza said the size of Indias middle class is over 200 million people. Consumer goods are exploding in India. There are people with cash like Ive never seen before. Indias geopolitical importance and stature are growing too. U. S. foreign policy officials view India, with its strategic location, as an important counter-balance to the growing political and military power of China. U. S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice began a six-nation tour of Asia in India on March 16. An article that same day in the Tribune noted that analysts in Delhi viewed her stop there as a positive sign the United States was eager to underline Indias increasing importance on the U. S. foreign policy agenda. Talks between Rice and Singh focused on defense and military cooperation, economy and trade and synergies in energy and environmental protection. India possesses some advantages that make it especially suited to provide less expensive business services for companies. China, on the other hand, has excelled in the manufacture of cheaper products. The two main advantages for India is that it has an estimated 200 million people who speak English and also a world-class education system. India is a bilingual country, DSouza said. He noted this is a byproduct of its former status as a British colony. It has an advantage over China, he said, in that respect. The educational system in India has produced a significant number of chartered accountants, doctors, MBAs, lawyers, research analysts and other professionals, many of whom will work in India for much less than their professional counterparts in the U. S. and Europe. Alok Aggarwal, Co-founder of Evalueserve, which offers business intelligence, market research and intellectual property services to clients in North America, Europe and Asia, noted there are two types of services offered on an outsourced basis. Business Process Outsourcing, or BPO, involves more routine processing of data. Ravi Aron, Professor of operations and information management at the University of Pennsylvanias Wharton School, said examples of BPO involve more routine functions where there is a predefined way of doing tasks or even reaching conclusions, as in data entry, accounts maintenance and customer service activities such as those performed at call centers. BPOs typically provide such services as setting up bank accounts, selling an insurance policy and voice and e-mail-based computer support. Aggarwal said that a higher Level of service than BPO is called Knowledge Process Outsourcing or KPO. KPO involves high-end processes such as investment research and Legal and insurance claims processing. In a March 21, 2005 article in the Indiatimes News Network, Pavan Bagai, Vice President, strategic businesses, EXL said, Imagine unsorted data going through a black box and coming out as useful information. In KPOs the black box is your mind. There is no predefined process to reach a conclusion. In either BPO or KPO, India often offers a huge cost savings potential over those functions being performed by American workers in the U. S.à Aron said that in credit card-related functions, the cost of an American worker, including benefits and overhead, ranges from $48-55 per hourwhile in India, those costs are only $18-24. A report by Hay Associates estimated that the fully burdened costs of an accounting clerk in Stamford, CT, is $69 per hour, while in Bangalore, India it is $4 per hour. (Though Alok disputes that number saying that currently the loaded costs in Bangalore would be $7-$8 per hour the cost differential is still staggering. ) French Associates reported that a $50,000 U.à S. clerical worker would cost only $10,000 in India and would be a top graduate. This huge gap in employee direct and indirect costs is even more dramatic with KPO services. When you go with high-end work thats when the game gets interesting, Aron said. He said employee costs per hour for an equity research analyst in the U. S. would range from $230-$250 while in India it would only be about $30. Should you find it suitable to relocate, (to one of the countries that offers much cheaper employee costs) you will experience huge savings, Aron said. If you look al the labor cost difference there is a 5-1 to 8-1 cost factor, added Aggarwal, whose firm actually provides equity research and investment banking research services. American doctors are very hard workingbut they dont work five times harder than Indian doctors. The March 21 Indiatimes Network article reported that India, with its knowledge base and lower costs, will be leading the pack in the race for KPO business. The article referred to a report by Evalueserve that India will capture more than 70 percent of the KPO territory by 2010. Indias software trade body reported that export revenues from software outsourcing will reach $17. 3 billion in the fiscal year ending March 2005. In a presentation by Marc Vollenweider, President and CEO of Evalueserve, it was projected that by 2010 India will have about 1. 1 million people employed in BPO. According to Vollenweider, U. S. companies may be compelled to outsource due to his projection of a labor shortage. According to his figures, by fiscal year 2010, the U. S. is projected to experience a shortfall of 5. 4 million workers. In that same timespan, the U. Ks shortfall is projected to be . million workers. Vollenweiders presentation concluded that, Global Sourcing has become an economic imperative for the developed nations to maintain and sustain their historical and current growth. Offshoring IT and BPO services to low-wage destinations provides a viable solution to developed nations who are struggling against the significant shortage of skilled labor. Evalueserve projects that by 2010 India will have 820,000 employed in low-end BPO services generating total revenues of USD 18 billion and 250,000 workers employed in high-end KPO services generating USD 12 billion. A number of major U.à S. -based corporations have set up operations in India or have outsourced certain business services to Indian firms. A report by French Associates indicated India has become a venue for major development centers for IBM and Microsoft. Major corporations like Ford, JP Morgan Chase and HP are currently setting up operations there. General Electric, however, probably has utilized the manpower resources of India more extensively than any other major American Corporation. GEs involvement in India began in September 1989, according to a front-page, March 23, 2005, The Wall Street Journal article. Al that time, then-CEO Jack Welch flew to India for a sales meeting to sell products to India. During that stop in India, Welch met with Indian government officials who pitched him the idea of having some of his companys needs provided by its emerging high-tech sector. Today, The WSJ article pointed out, India earns more than $17 billion from corporations worldwide seeking low-cost overseas talent Although GE is hesitant about taking credit for a trend that has taken many American jobs overseas, most corporate observers agree GE played a major role in the outsourcing boom. The WSJ article further noted that in 1995, GE created GE Capital International Services, now known as Gecis, to handle backroom work and market analysis. In 1999 Gecis established the first international call center in India and in 2000 GE opened a research center in Bangalore to tap the skills of Indian engineers. The WSJ article reported that in November 2004, GE sold a controlling interest in Gecis and now the company will seek business from other companies. French Associates estimated that GE had 5,000 FTEs (full-time equivalents) in India in 2000. That number grew to 12,000 FTEs by the end of 2003. The WSJ article also reported that in 2000, GE opened the Jack F. Welch Technology Center in Bangalore that employs thousands of researchers working on everything from new refrigerators to jet engines. A recent GE report indicated the company plans to spend about $600 million this year on computer-software development from Indian companies. Val Venable, CCE, Credit Manager for GE Advanced Materials, in reference to GEs outsourcing efforts in India, said, We certainly have been a major player. For our company and a lot of companies, youre always looking for quality suppliers at low cost. It makes business sense to do it. Venable, who spoke in India in late March during a five-week business trip there, said that her operations are split between the U. S. and India. Part of my collections team sits in the U. S. and some of it is in India. She said that employee allocation between that in the U. S. and India is proportional to the workload. If I have 70 percent of my people in India, I look to have 70 percent of my work there. My people in the U. S. have a lot more credit experience, so they do a lot of the credit decisions. In Venables case, even though GE does not wholly own Gecis anymore, it has not changed her operations. My relationship with my team has not changed. We work together and we have sub-teams. For our credit and collections teams we didnt see a difference. My people from the India and the U. S. have been trained the same. The cost savings of operations in India arent just confined to personnel expenses Venable said. Its not just the cost of the people. Over here I have different IT costs and I have different training costs. She acknowledged that many Indian employees are well educated and enthusiastic about their work. Theres a huge emphasis on education here. Its their first experience in business. On the issue that some Americans have complained about not being able to understand customer services representatives in India, Venable said, Some of my team have fairly strong accents, but have you ever called Texas of Mississippi? They have accents too. We usually work on that. Thats part of the service to the customers. An unavoidable drawback Venable mentioned of outsourced services emanating from India to American consumers is, If youre going to have a team in India, theres a time zone difference. She said the time zone difference between India and the U. S. is 9. 5 hours and 4. 5 hours between India and the U. K. She san the time zone difference actually has not been a major problem for her operations. The areas around the call centers are becoming a 24-hour culture. Probably in the next 20 years were going to have virtual offices and it wont matter where people sit. Does everybody need to sit in the same room? Probably not. â⬠Nakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-845690489930120276.post-31500695956165524782019-11-14T18:32:00.001-08:002019-11-14T18:32:04.998-08:00mike bloomberg :: essays research papers Mike Bloomberg is running for mayor of New York City. The elections will be held Nov.6. One of the things he says that he will do if he becomes mayor is that he will have the NYPD retain command and control of school safety officers. He says that, ââ¬Å"Schools can be used to address the issue of police-community relations. Students and police should get to know each other in non-adversarial ways through the school system.â⬠I agree with him on this issue because many students do not like the NYPD. I think that if they would get to know the officers, they would not feel afraid or threatened by them. On Mr. Bloombergââ¬â¢s web site, he says, ââ¬Å"Guns off the Streets. New York State has some of the strongest gun control laws in the nation. But illegal guns still find their way onto our streets and into the hands of criminals.â⬠That is the right approach to gun control. Guns should not find their way into criminalââ¬â¢s hands. I agree with Mr. Bloomberg on his gun control issues. Mike Bloomberg has very interesting views on public transportation. He says ââ¬Å"To encourage the use of mass transit, I pledge to lead by example. Every day I go to City Hall during my administration I will take public transportation rather than the City-provided official carâ⬠. That is very unconventional. I think that if people want to take cars to work, they should have the right to. Also, the mayor, a public official is not expected to take mass transit. The subway could be a dangerous place and they mayor of NYC should not be taking the subway to work everyday. The forth issue which I found interesting was that Nakia Tisdalehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377667144848927755noreply@blogger.com0