Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus Ideas

Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus Ideas Facts, Fiction and Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus As good because it is to use various quotes in most every paper, you likewise don't need to overdo it. You can purchase an essay from our group of professional writers and utilize it like a template to make your own masterpiece. Simply speaking, this sort of essay requires you to examine the smaller regions of the work to help shed light on the bigger picture. If you're writing a rhetorical analysis essay, perhaps, you will perform your bit of writing facing a massive audience. The Tried and True Method for Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus in Step by Step Detail Sophocles also had an exceptional view of the completely free will as being used to hold responsible as a way to shape various facets of human lives. He's a man of terrific pride and passion who's intent on serving Thebes, but he doesn't have tragic stature until the evidence of his guilt starts to accumulate. High school isn't free in Kenya. One of the most usual varieties of analysis that college and higher school students perform. The Good, the Bad and Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus Well, it isn't virtually mashing the 2 varieties of essays together and hoping everything works out. Tiresas can observe things clearly even though he's blind. It is whenever the vagueness of the story began to diminish, acquiring a brighter view of prediction of what is going to happen next. Another unfair thing, it's. A Secret Weapon for Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus You should offer information which is pertinent to your thesis. It will vary dependent on the subject of discussion and the thesis statement that's created. Choose topics which you're most interested about or that which is timely and you wish to have a deeper investigation. The evidence should directly relate to the claim to provide a great stream of ideas in the subject. What you wil l need is is a blueprinta foolproof approach to receive your essay structured. Before you commence working on an analytical essay you've got to start with analytical essay definition. You should certainly search for an analytical essay example. There are various sorts of essays that I would assume most of you are already acquainted with. Sophocles is among the dramatists that's been greatly celebrated. Your essay has to be logical and simple to read. Whenever your analytical essay is all typed up, they can let you make certain it's as great as it can get. Keep in mind it is not a narrative essay, rather an essay that is directed at analyzing the subject. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus In addition, the manner that others speak to him must get an influence on the manner he views himself. Sometimes utilizing a hook statement can be effective, but it's not required. Perhaps, even more the being a universal price, the notion of truth is just a fundamental price, because there are few instances and written works which don't, in at least some sense, are based on the value of truth as a way to infuse the plot with meaning and depth. It's good there are options to select from but if you don't understand how to distinguish good and bad writing support, it can impact the end pro duct you get. These points offer you some ideas on what questions you may ask regarding their services. You are able to use this to your advantage to be sure that you have each of your bases covered. There are a couple aspects to look for that can produce the selection process much easier without the bother. The Little-Known Secrets to Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus Oedipus Rex is most likely the most renowned tragedy ever written. Oedipus makes it rather apparent that he'll do anything it requires to discover the murderer and for the townspeople to reveal any information they may have. Owing to these characteristics Oedipus was able to resolve the riddle offered to him by the Sphinx. At this case,f Oedipus was determined to be aware of the truth about his life. Details which were provided about Oedipus the King indicate that the play is quite intriguing. Oedipus's desire to acquire knowledge which will help to rid Thebes of its pollution is evident from the start of the play. Creon returns, bringing great news. Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus Fundamentals Explained Incompliance with format and outline can diminish your grade, and this is hardly something you wish to occur. Proofreading is the main region of the post writing process. Not only do you have to remember to incorporate the citation, you also ought to make sure you're employing the proper method to achieve that. You also have to supply a reference page at the conclusion of your paper for additional particulars of the original sources. There's no particular style for the introduction, but background information has become the most frequent system of approach. Usually employed for extra info and statistics.

Regression Analysis for Demand Estimation - 1065 Words

Demand Estimation by Regression Method – Some Statistical Concepts for application ( All the formulae marked in red for remembering. The rest is for your concept) In case of demand estimation working with data on sales and prices for a period of say 10 years may lead to the problem of identification. In such a case the different variables that may have changed over time other than price, may have an impact on demand more rather than price. In order to void this problem of identification what we adopt is the techniques of demand estimation through regression process in order to distinguish the effects of different variables on demand. In order to understand the basic working and application of the model, let us start with two variable†¦show more content†¦However there are other parameters the output box provides us. Test of Significance of b value that implies how significant is the impact of the variation in the explanatory variable on variation caused for dependent variable. For this we test the null hypothesis b =0. for that we use a test statistic that follows the t- distribution with degrees of freedom n-k, where nis the number of observations and k is the number of parameters estimated In this case n=10 and k=2. therefore d.f=8. the test statistic t is defined as, as b=0 under null hypothesis and S.E. is the standard error of the estimated b. The S.E of estimated b is given by (to be remembered). This means that as standard error of estimated b is high the variation due to unexplained variation is relatively hgher as compared with the variation explained by explanatory variable. Thus significance of b will be less as t value will be small. T value is compared with the tabulated value of t with degrees of freedom 8 and level of significance to be equal to 5% (level of significance is the region where we may commit Type I error – Rejecting Null HypothesisShow MoreRelatedRegression Analysis for Demand Estimation1052 Words   |  5 PagesDemand Estimation by Regression Method à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Some Statistical Concepts for application ( All the formulae marked in red for remembering. The rest is for your concept) In case of demand estimation working with data on sales and prices for a period of say 10 years may lead to the problem of identification. In such a case the different variables that may have changed over time other than price, may have an impact on demand more rather than price. In order to void this problem of identification whatRead MoreManagerial Economics Case Study1010 Words   |  5 PagesECO 556 BM221 4c â€Å"DEMAND FOR VE MICROWAVE OVEN† TABLE OF CONTACT 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2.0 METHODOLOGY 3.0 DATA DEMAND FOR VE MICROWAVE OVEN 4.0 EQUATION 5.0 FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATION 5.1 Evaluation of Statically Significant At 95% Or Significant Level for Each Independent Variable. 5.2 Interpretation Coefficient of Determination 5.3 Interpretation of F-Test 5.4 Interpretation of Standard Error of Estimate 5.5 Derivation of Demand Curve 5.6 Elasticity of Demand 6.0 CONCLUSION APPENDIX Read MoreUniversity Book Store Computer Purchase Program930 Words   |  4 PagesProgram 1. Background. The Busy Biker is a bike shop located close to Tokyo University and owned by Nomura Hideki. He began the shop 20 years ago and sell new and second hand bicycle after fixing it too. The Business grew and demand continued to increase. Nomura must determine how many bicycles he need to have in stock at every beginning of semester. Below here is the data that help Nomura to forecast and to know how accurate will it be in assisting him in his business. Read MoreEssay on Managrial Economics Project881 Words   |  4 PagesTeam 20 | MANAGIRAL ECONOMICS PROJECT 1 | Estimation of the Demand for Combo 1 meals | | Corey Siragusa 106549438 | Yujing Zhang 108672624 | Gary Zhao 108693441 | 11/7/2012 | a) Using the data in Table 1, specify a linear functional form for the demand for Combination 1 meals, and run a regression to estimate the demand for Combo 1 meals. According to the passage, we know that the Quantity of meals sold by Combination (Q) is related to the average price charged (P) and theRead MoreApplication Of A Regression Analysis1241 Words   |  5 Pages Since electricity demand and the regressors are in logarithms, the demand elasticities are directly derived from the coefficients. Monthly binary dummy covers from January to November and does not include dummy for December to avoid dummy variable trap. Severe multicollinearity between price variables of on-peak, mid-peak and off peak limited the estimation of cross price elasticity. We assume that individual error components are uncorrelated with each other. With regards to choice of econometricRead MoreRegression Analysis1447 Words   |  6 PagesREGRESSION ANALYSIS Correlation only indicates the degree and direction of relationship between two variables. It does not, necessarily connote a cause-effect relationship. Even when there are grounds to believe the causal relationship exits, correlation does not tell us which variable is the cause and which, the effect. For example, the demand for a commodity and its price will generally be found to be correlated, but the question whether demand depends on price or vice-versa; will not be answeredRead MoreData Description Of Raw Data Essay963 Words   |  4 Pagesassumed that Demand equals to Supply. Therefore, the monthly quantity demanded for strawberries imports Q, usually increases from January and reaches its peak in April, and starts to decline afterwards. Q is the lowest of the year in August and September, and starts to increase again (see Teble-1). Demand Estimation and Forecasting Procedure Assumptions The estimated demand was assumed to be linear, and exporting countries face downward sloping demand curves: the relationship between the demand for andRead MoreRegression Analysis : Data And Writing Project Description887 Words   |  4 Pagesrecommendations based on regression analysis. The demand curve shows the quantity demanded at each price. Equivalently, the inverse demand curve shows the willingness to pay for the last item at a given quantity. I agree with your regression coefficients of Q = 883223.748 - 25355.71584P and Cost = 3122901 +8.755693 Q. Linear regression is better at interpolating than extrapolating. The prices ranged from 10.99 to 31.99, so we are interpolating between prices of 10.99 and 31.99. The linear regression is less reliableRead MoreEco550 Assignment 11150 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment 1: Making Decisions Based on Demand and Forecasting Managerial Economics and Globalization, ECO550 Making Decisions Based on Demand and Forecasting A market demand analysis is used to help understand how much consumer demand there is for a given product or service. This type of analysis will help determine if a business can successfully enter a market and generate enough revenue and profit to maintain the business. 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Strategic Supply Chain Management and Logistics of Wal Mart

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Supply Chain Management and Logistics of Wal Mart. Answer: Introduction Today, all successful companies are reaching out other markets in other countries or beyond boundaries. While doing business, the most crucial aspect of a company is related with the supply and distribution of raw material and finished goods in the target market effectively and efficiently. Thus, implementation of strategic and strong supply chain management and logistics is very vital in any organization (Leeman, 2010). This management is related with the planning, scheming, controlling and implementation of all business functions associated with the acquisition, manufacturing, dispersion and merchandising of products and services. In this study, significance and execution of effective supply chain management has been discussed. Along with this, integration of information technology to improve and benefit supply chain management are also been illustrated. The company is Wal- Mart to report and outline all the supply chain management and logistic aspects of a company. Moreover, effective logistic and procurement management plus strategy to improve supply chain management have also been represented. Wal-Mart is the largest and most prestigious supermarket in retailing industry in the world. Besides this, supply chain management is the backbone of any organisation that provides resources with low cost management (Brunn, 2006). It is just like nutrition to the company as it helps the company in operating and functioning of its business smoothly with financial benefits. Wal-Mart is based on the rebate retailing and opens up huge warehouse style supermarkets to save costs. It is also known as discounted city because of their supply chain management, they re able to operate their stores economically plus their self distribution management and transportation by trucks and deployment of RFIDS and bar codes to track their products with the suppliers are very efficient and effective (Coyle, 2012). This provides environment to a company to achieve its targeted goals in the market conveniently. In addition to this, an effective supply china management enable a company to reduce its supply chain cost as well as risk of costly breakdowns. Strategic supply chain management also ensures sufficient resources for the company with its extra money (Dyckhoff, et al., 2004). Moreover, it helps in improving the operational management due to which all the functions of the company carried out effectively. It also reduces the delivery time of the company that ultimately augments the experience of the customers and increases satisfaction among them. Supply Chain Management and Business Function Affiliation Wal-Mart supply chain management is very strong which assists it in other functions of the business such as purchasing of products from the wholesalers and suppliers, impressive inventory management like distribution, tracking, recording and availability of products on time. Furthermore, supply chain management integrated with information technology helps Wal-Mart in all other business function such as marketing and sales department to reach the target market and effective sales management in financial department (Hugos, 2010). Moreover, the strategic supply china management also aids in engineering department and human resource department. Wal-Mart also benefited in productive manufacturing system that cuts costs as well as improves the quality of the goods. Hence, it can be seen visibly that business functions are coordinated and efficaciously operated with the supply chain management. Wal-Mart persistently uses supply chain management to increase its market share and to survive or take competitive advantage over other competitors. Powerful supply chain management increases the skills and process experience of a company. Wal-Mart is emphasising in strengthening its supply china management over general business strategies (Rushton, et al., 2007). Thus, it can be depicted that supply chain management is based on the outlook of the company and its management team whether they are taking it as competitive advantage and very important part to perform business functions or not (Hugos, 2010). Moreover, is company able to outsource its supply chain management plus what are the resources company has that can give positive privilege to the supply chain of the company. It is also based on the factors that how company reacts to achieve its customers services, growth and profitability (Rushton, et al., 2007). Some of the key drivers that improve the supply chain management of Wal-Mart are customer services management process and procurement process. Customer service management is related to the customer experience and satisfaction because of services and products provided by the company. Procurement is the relationship of suppliers with the company that affects the product quality and cost management of the company. Building a strong relationship with the customer as well as suppliers is very important in this regards. Relationship management with suppliers via Strategies Wal-Mart advanced performance is based on the strong connections and longevity of the suppliers that helps any manufacturing in its growth. Information exchange between the suppliers and the company through RFIDS and bar codes are the strategy to coherence and articulate the relation between suppliers, wholesalers and Wal-Mart (Bidgoli, 2010). Its supply chain management is also famous for Just-In-Time delivery of the products. They are also precocious in sourcing their suppliers and easy relationship management with the suppliers. This provides various advantages to the company at the crucial or adverse time of companies. Besides that, many researches in manufacturing companies have shown that modern relationship management with suppliers are superior over the tradition price driven management of suppliers. Wal-Mart adopted some of the very effective and advanced technologies that bestowed it with easy and clear management of the company with supply chain management such as Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CPRF) and Vendor Management Inventory (VMI) in its sales force (Bidgoli, 2010). It helps them in providing the product requirement from the market and objective to the manufacturing resource planning department to work accordingly. It also strengthens their inventory control management by effective co-ordination between suppliers and distributors. Filling stock on time, recording and crisis management is also being handled with ease due to integration of information technology. Wal-Mart satellite network is very advanced that appends transactions at the time of sale and sent massages to its management team quite easily. The software system incorporation in business processes has enabled companies in accurate accounting and recording of the data and transactions (Roberts and Berg, 2012). Due to information technological incorporation Just-In-Time manufacturing practices are also being implemented appropriately in Wal-Mart. Suppliers demand is also watched in the company by global satellite system, Retail Link which enables company to analyse and forecast suppliers demand. It is connected with suppliers network and provides real time sales data to distribution centres and cash counters. Create System for Supplier Relationship Management Supplier and buyer relationship is a vital aspect in the cost cutting and it also indirectly related with the customers satisfaction, customers gets qualitative goods in time as a result of good relationship with the suppliers (Hugos, 2010). Thus, this relationship needs a considerable focus to amplify the coordination and healthy relationship between suppliers and buyers. Some of the information system that helps the company in proper supplier relationship management is articulation of real time information associated with orders and market trends. Moreover, change in demand is also being forecasted and treated in time will help the company (Mangan, et al., 2008.). Supply information is being hatched and handled timely. Inventory systems that help in predicting the market need and communication and collaboration through internet with the suppliers to share massages and informations. Enterprise Resource System is integrated in the supply management system of Wal-Mart that embroils programming of entire business regarding suppliers such as placing order, tracking orders, receiving details and issue of invoices and bills. Along with this, online analytical processing system helps a company to predict on sales performance from different suppliers by analysing the history of the supplier. Wal-Mart uses integration information system in the supply chain management to mainly carry its operations with effective and coherent knowledge management between the stakeholders and management of the company. Persuasive knowledge management is the success key of Wal-Mart. Furthermore, Wal-Mart uses its advanced technologies in every part of the company for a flexible but accurate communication (Myerson, 2012.). Using Transactional Process System, the company ensures the timely and accurate billing, payroll and point-of-sale in the company which also entails the use of universal bar code with incorporating satellite system and electronic scanning of uniform product code for better knowledge management. It also helps in potent merchandising and inventory control. Next is Management Information System (MIS) that provides correct performance report of the company improves the security, tracking and business to business transaction of the company (Sukati, et al., 2012). Last is DSS that is related with the data storage with the help of retail link, it helps in improving the relationship of both retailers as well as suppliers. Information technology has contributed a vital functioning and operation ease to the company. It provides all the transaction to the company in real time as well as it communicates and forecasts with the information technology implementation significantly (Sukati, et al., 2012). It has provides strategic planning to the company to successfully achieve its targeted goals and improve its way of operations by fastening and delivering data with accuracy. Information technology is the fastest way of commute any message to any department of the company. It escalates the productivity of staff of the company (Wisner, 2014). Furthermore, it ensures the competitive advantage to the company and enhances the electronic bill experience. It aids in depleting the cost and enhances the tracing and expedition services. In Wal-Mart information technology has solved many issues related to almost all departments very effectively (Coyle, et al., 2012). However, there are various aspects which can be outlined as how information technology has a positive impact in supply chain management. It has provided the best E business solution to the company and provided extra time and budged to the company personnel's to look out for other serious and severe matters of the company. It has improved all over implementation of supply chain management by endowing rapid motion and teamwork support in the operation system (Monczka, et al. 2015.). In addition to this, it has provided effective supplier and retailer relationship management. Information technology enabled the best warehouse management for Wal-Mart with quick processing and quality information. Role of Logistics Management and Procurement Practices in Wal-Mart Basically the logistics management and procurement practices are categorised into four parts that is material management, channel management, distribution management and supply chain management (Ross, 2013). The material handling facilitated by logistic management enhances the quality and process of the production and manufacturing of the products. Channel management helps in transportation, and communication of raw material, and finished goods from one place to another (Ross, 2013). Distribution management is associated with the supplies of product in its ultimate place or middle place. With the execution of effective logistic management supply chain management complements the company in determined growth and profitability. There are some factors that need to be profoundly acknowledged while considering management practices related to logistics and procurement. It includes effective order processing, which ensures the improvement in performance of any task carried by the logistic department. Second is transportation that is related with the cost cutting by the aid of logistics department (Liu, 2011). Declined transportation cost will give competitive advantage to the company by making its product cost at low price and offering it as discounted price to the customers. Third, inventory management that is crucial and vital part of the company gives the maximum assistance to the logistic department by handling it right. Moreover, others are warehousing, material handling are also factors that influences the improvement in the logistic and procurement department (Croxton, 2001). Additionally, last is information system is the foremost integral part of the logistic and procurement management as it provides the best and advanced help to make the work faster and easier. To improve the supply chain management, some points can be considered that provides the company an opportunity to increase its profitability even more (Christopher, 2016). The focus of the company should always prcised on the narrowing of the supply chain cost of the organisation. Besides that, any strategy implemented in the supply chain management should involve less time to complete the whole process. The targeted value of production should always be watched and acquired through systematic execution of planned strategy (Ross, 2013). The quality of the product should be the main concern in the supply chain process for the customer satisfaction. Strategies should be based on the subsidised cost and with optimal utilisation of resources. Improvement in Business Performance Through Improvement Strategy With the above strategies for improvising the supply chain management, company will get some long- term and steady benefits such as lowering the over all cost in the supply chain management will give financial resources to the company (Lia, 2006). Along with this the improvised supply chain management will assist in satisfaction of customer services, effective manufacturing of the product and knowledge sharing even more flexible and clear between the management (Natto, 2014). On the other hand, it will also accumulate trusts between the stakeholders of the company and fewer inventories will be handled by the employees. To reduce the overall barriers in the implementation of new plan Wal-Mart has to make strong connection with customers as well as focus on suppliers and retailers. Apart from this, it has to reduce any complex system or hard strategies that delays or resists the production or operation of the company (Natto, 2014). Along with this, improvement in predictions related to market trends or suppliers, sales, production will also help in enhancing supply chain management effectiveness. Conclusion In the above discussion, it has been highlighted that Wal-Mart is fully integrated with potent supply chain management incorporating information technology. It benefits the company in proper knowledge management of the company which ensures the functioning of every business function smoothly. Relationship with suppliers are also being handled by the company very consciously by implementing strategic supply chain management and advanced technology. Hence, the discussion also entails the strategies that should be used by Wal-Mart to improve its supply chain management or logistic procurement. References Bidgoli, H. 2010. The Handbook of Technology Management, Supply Chain Management, Marketing and Advertising, and Global Management. John Wiley Sons. Brunn, S. D. 2006. Wal-Mart World: The World's Biggest Corporation in the Global Economy. Taylor Francis. Christopher, M. 2016. Logistics Supply Chain Management. 5th ed. Pearson UK. Coyle, J. J. 2012. Supply Chain Management: A Logistics Perspective. 2nd ed. Cengage Learning Coyle, J. J., et al. 2012. Supply Chain Management: A Logistics Perspective. 9th ed. Cengage Learning. Croxton, K. L. 2001. The Supply Chain Management Processes.[Online.]Available at: https://ecsocman.hse.ru/data/474/089/1217/article4.pdf [Accessed On14 April 2017]. Dyckhoff, H., et al. 2004. Supply Chain Management and Reverse Logistics. Springer Science Business Media. Hugos, M. H. 2010. Essentials of Supply Chain Management. 2nd ed. John Wiley Sons. Leeman, J. J. A. 2010. Supply Chain Management: Fast, Flexible Supply Chains in Manufacturing and Retailing. Books on Demand. Lia, S., et. al. 2006. The impact of supply chain management practices on competitive advantage and organizational performance. Omega 34, pp.107 124. Liu, J. J. 2011. Supply Chain Management and Transport Logistics. Routledge. Mangan, J., et al. 2008. Global Logistics and Supply Chain Management. John Wiley Sons. Monczka, R. M. et al. 2015. Purchasing and Supply Chain Management. 6th ed. Cengage Learning. Myerson, P. 2012. Lean Supply Chain and Logistics Management. McGraw Hill Professional. Natto, H. 2014. Wal-Mart Supply Chain Management. International Journal of Scientific Engineering Research 5(1), pp. 1023-1026. Roberts, B., and Berg, N. 2012. Walmart: Key Insights and Practical Lessons from the World's Largest Retailer. Kogan Page Publishers. Ross, D. F. 2013. Competing Through Supply Chain Management: Creating Market-Winning Strategies Through Supply Chain Partnerships. Springer Science Business Media. Rushton, A. et al. 2007. International Logistics and Supply Chain Outsourcing: From Local to Global. Kogan Page Publishers. Sukati, I., et al. 2012. The Study of Supply Chain Management Strategy and Practices on Supply Chain Performance. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 40, pp. 225-233. Wisner, J. D. 2014. Principles of Supply Chain Management: A Balanced Approach. 4th ed. Cengage Learning.

One Writers Beginnings Rhetorical Analysis free essay sample

In many ways, Welty hides from the truth or at least protects herself from it by detaching herself from reality. Through context, clever word choice, and rhetorical devices, Welty compares and contrasts how she confronts pain compared with her parents, revealing a greater truth about humanity’s ability to cope due to upbringing and life experiences. Despite living a sheltered life with relatively low risk, Eudora Welty has experienced great loss and pain in her life. In 1931, leukemia claimed her father’s life. When her father lay there in pain and agony, she stood there watching, helpless to stop the pain. Welty watched as her mother tried to save her father’s life with a blood transfusion. She witnessed the blood transfusion go horribly wrong, and her father die before her very eyes. She lived through seeing her mother become frail and weak with age, â€Å"lying helpless and nearly blind† (52). In her long life, Welty has witnessed all of these tragic events happen to the people she loved and had to learn to cope. We will write a custom essay sample on One Writers Beginnings Rhetorical Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Welty’s methods of coping with the pain reveal fascinating things about her and the effects of her upbringing. While Welty’s statements and words provide great insight into her thoughts, what she does not write has almost, if not more, value. She never directly describes how the loss of her parents affected her emotionally. After her father’s death, she makes no mention of how the loss impacted her or hurt her. Clearly she respected and loved her father greatly. In fact, she called her father, â€Å"Daddy† (82), conveying the level of affection and closeness she felt to Christian Welty. However, rather than portray her emotional turmoil at the sight of her ather dying from leukemia, she details the incident as if she were an impassive observer studying her mother’s reactions. By not focusing too intently on emotions and detaching herself from the event, Welty makes reality less painful. Instead of describing her emotions, she reports the emotional distress of her mother who continues to blame herself after the father’s death (93). Perhaps by conveying her mo ther’s despair, Welty actually provides the reader with a small glimpse of her true emotions, ones that she has carefully hidden to protect herself from harm. Furthermore, Welty often deflects painful events with humor and a detached matter-of-factness. Welty describes a â€Å"fast-beating heart† ailment that left her bed-ridden for months when she was younger as a seemingly innocuous affair. Stating, â€Å"I felt all right- perhaps I felt too good†¦At any rate, I was allowed to occupy all day my parent’s double bed† (20), Welty nonchalantly dismisses the ailment as nothing major. The word â€Å"allowed† makes the disease sound like something beneficial that bestowed her with a privilege while the words â€Å"at any rate† consciously deflect the severity of the moment. She does not focus for long on times of pain and makes sure to divert the reader’s attention with a quick diversion. Throughout her work, Welty does this. After describing her grandfather’s chilling last words to her mother, â€Å"If you let them tie me down, I’ll die† (51), Welty immediately follows with an amusing story of her mother’s interaction with the surgeon who incredulously repeats back at her â€Å"You don’t know anybody in Baltimore? † (51). Welty moves through events at a workman-like pace never allowing the emotional tension to rise too high, not allowing herself to dwell too much. Since she lived a sheltered life, when confronted with the harsh realities of life, Welty tries to lessen the pain and tension to ease the realization, a characteristic that becomes evident in her writing. On the other hand, Welty’s parents experienced far less sheltered lives. The two were forced to grow up far quicker than Welty. Welty’s father copes in a similar way as Eudora Welty herself. He does not like the past, so he simply avoids it and looks to the future. His mother died at a young age, and as Welty states, â€Å"He never happened to tell us a single family story† (63), showing his reluctance to focus on his painful past and a willingness to just create a happy future for his family. However, unlike her father, Welty does acknowledge the past and its significance; she just doesn’t dwell on it for too long. In total contrast, Welty’s mother focused exclusively on past experiences and used those to base her future actions. Describing her mother’s mind as a, â€Å"mass of associations† (19), Welty creates a brilliant image that signifies that one idea in her head must always be connected to another. The word â€Å"mass† creates the image that these associations are overbearing and thick. Welty’s mother allows guilt to take over her life. Welty’s grandfather’s last words, â€Å"If you let them tie me down, I’ll die† (51), has a lasting impact on Welty’s mother because the word â€Å"let† implies she had some choice. The word â€Å"let† allows her to blame herself for her father’s death. From that point, Welty’s mother took every bitter loss as a sign of her failure. She blamed herself for her little baby’s death. She blamed herself if any harm befell her children. She blamed herself for her husband’s death. Guilt overwhelmed her. By trying to overprotect Eudora Welty, she spread some of this guilt and fear of loss to her. Although Welty does not have as crippling a fear as her mother, this fear manifests itself in the ways she brushes aside and dismisses pain in order to marginalize it. Everyone deals with loss at some point in his or her life. Due to Welty’s sheltered life, she could shield herself from the truth. However, once she began writing, Welty had to look inward. Her father never liked fiction because it was not factual. However, Welty used fiction and writing as a device to confront realities about herself and her parents that she had previously ignored. Writing provided her with an outlet and a coping mechanism. Every person deals differently with loss. Welty’s mother allowed her guilt over her perceived failures to eat her up. She kept her loved ones like her daughter very close and overprotected them. Willing to even sacrifice herself for something she loved, she ran into a burning building with crutches to rescue her Dickens books (45). Of course, such overbearing love inevitably leads to some pushing away from loved ones that desire independence. Her coping mechanism was entirely self destructive and unhealthy. Welty’s father coped by mainly avoiding the past and ignoring its existence. Although he kept memorabilia from his mother, he never spoke of it. All three provide interesting case studies in how upbringing and experience can influence methods one uses to cope. Though possibly painful, the truth is never as destructive as an unhealthy method of coping.

Ways of Forming Words Essay Example

Ways of Forming Words Essay Example Ways of Forming Words Essay Ways of Forming Words Essay WAYS OF FORMING WORDS Compounding is the word formation process in which two or more words combine into a single new word. Compound words may be written as one word or as two words joined with a hyphen. Shortening is the word formation process in which a word is reduced or shortened without changing the meaning of the word. Blending is the word formation process in which parts of two or more words combine to create a new word whose meaning is often a combination of the original words. Affixing is the word formation process in which a prefix, suffix or infix attaches to the base form of a word to create a new word. Back-formation is the word formation process in which an actual or supposed derivational affix detaches from the base form of a word to create a new word. (SIMPSONS EXAMPLE: BILLBOARD FOR ‘TONIGHT – WRITERS ON WRITING, TOMORROW – JANITORS ON JANITING’) Conversion is the word formation process in which a word of one grammatical form becomes a word of another grammatical form without any changes to spelling or pronunciation. Abbreviation is the word formation process in which a word or phrase is shortened. Intialisms are a type of abbreviation formed by the initial letters of a word or phrase. Acronyms are words formed by the word formation process in which an initialism is pronounced as a word. Eponyms are words formed from the name of a real of fictitious person. Coinage is the word formation process in which a new word is created either deliberately or accidentally without using the other word formation processes and often from seemingly nothing. Borrowing is the word formation process in which a word from one language is borrowed directly into another language. Calquing is the word formation process in which a borrowed word or phrase is literally translated from one language to another. Commonisation is the process of a product’s brand-name becoming the generic term for that product. Here are some examples of each of these ways of forming words. Next to each one write the method that has been used. There is one example for each method. Word Method 1. AIDSAcronym (Since the initialism is pronounced like a actual word already. *other examples, scuba, laser 2. AlgebraBorrowing (from Greek) 3. Band-aidCommonisation for a stick-on gauze pad or strip 4. Break-upCompounding 5. DisappearAffixing 6. ExamShortening 7. Flea market -Calquing since it’s translated literally from marche aux puces in Paris, so-called â€Å"because there are so many second-hand articles sold of all kinds that they are believed to gather fleas. 8. Microwave (noun) – Microwave (verb)-Conversion (from the grammatical form of a noun to a verb) 9. MotelBlending (motor + hotel) 10. NylonCoining 11. RSVPAbbreviation 12. SandwichEponym (from Earl Sandwich) 13. TeleviseBackformation from television

The History Behind Who Invented HTML

The History Behind Who Invented HTML Some of the people who drive the transformation of the internet are well-known: think Bill Gates and Steve Jobs. But those who developed its inner workings are often totally unknown, anonymous, and unsung in an age of hyper-information that they themselves helped to create. Definition of HTML HTML is the authoring language used to create documents on the web. It  is used to define the structure and layout of a  web page, how a page looks, and any special functions. HTML does this by using what are called tags that have attributes. For example, p means a paragraph break. As the viewer of a web page, you dont see HTML; it is hidden from your view. You see only the results. Vannevar Bush Vannevar Bush was an engineer born at the end of the 19th century. By the 1930s he was working on analog computers and in 1945 wrote the article As We May Think, published in the Atlantic Monthly. In it, he describes a machine he called memex, which would store and retrieve information via microfilm. It would consist of screens (monitors), a keyboard, buttons, and levers. The system he discussed in this article is very similar to HTML, and he called the links between various pieces of information associative trails. This article and theory laid the foundation for Tim Berners-Lee and others to invent the World Wide Web, HTML (hypertext markup language), HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), and URLs (Universal Resource Locators) in 1990. Bush died in 1974 before the web existed or the internet became widely known, but his discoveries were seminal. Tim Berners-Lee and HTML Tim Berners-Lee, a scientist and academic, was the primary author of HTML, with the assistance of his colleagues at CERN, an international scientific organization based in Geneva. Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989 at CERN. He was named one of Time magazines 100 most important people of the 20th century for this accomplishment. Berners-Lees browser editor was developed in 1991-92. This was a true browser editor for the first version of HTML and ran on a NeXt workstation. Implemented in Objective-C, it, made it easy to create, view, and edit web documents. The first version of HTML was formally published in June 1993.

Research methods and perspectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research methods and perspectives - Essay Example Ethics has a number of significant branches that can be summarized here as meta-ethics which details the theoretical implications as well as references related with moral propositions and how the truth meanings could be discerned. The normative ethics discuss the practical means through which moral courses of actions are found out. Applied ethics states how ethical outcomes could be attained within specified circumstances, situations and events. Moral psychology is another branch of ethics which deals with the proposition of how moral capacity develops and how its nature works to good effect (Sarantakos 2005). Lastly, descriptive ethics looks at the moral values, principles and beliefs which people listen and adhere to, on a consistent basis. All of these branches have one or the other moral justifications that do play their respective roles within the ethical understandings (Seale 2004). There are however a number of schools of thought as far as comprehending the basic premise behin d ethics and the sub-fields of study are also present under its aegis. The famous personalities who have played significant roles in forming ethical theories include G E Moore, John Rawls, Socrates, Aristotle, John Piper, Epictetus, Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, Immanuel Kant, G E M Anscombe, Karl Marx, Judith Martin to name a few. Understanding the world of ethics is based on a number of beliefs, most common of which is the act of doing universal good so that the wellness of the society could be assured. This means that the people who are ethically-driven will usually bring a great deal of sanity within the different processes and actions they are involved in, and thus assist the society to grow and develop in a very positive fashion. Ethical perspectives keep on changing with the passage of time because these are seen from differential contexts every now and then (Snidal 2008). However the element of doing good and being seen as good is something that

Role of Information Technology in Kentucky Fried Chicken Essay

Role of Information Technology in Kentucky Fried Chicken - Essay Example Information system helps to change or restructure the business and also quickens the response time to changes in the environment. There are various features of information system that can help a firm gain competitive advantage. For example the decision support system helps firms to align their information system with the business strategies. Then there is the Enterprise resource planning solutions that link the business process with the firm’s objective of optimizing the enterprise resources. Also there is the database system that having â€Å"data mining† capabilities which makes the best use of information for production, innovation and marketing (Hemmatfar, Salehi & Bayat, 2010, p. 158-160). For the purpose of this report let me first describe about the Fast food industry. It is one of the largest growing industries. The industry is characterized by the foods which are prepared and served quickly. Typically, the foods of this industry are sold in retail food outlets or in a packaged form. The major market players of this industry are Kentucky fried chicken, McDonalds, Pizza hut, Dominos, Arby’s, Subway, Fingers and Del Taco among various other players. Franchise operation acts as the most crucial element of this industry. The noticeable foodstuffs includes pizzas, burgers, sandwiches, French fries, fried chicken, ice creams and also foods like noodles, fried rice and soups among the others. Presently information technology is widely used in fast food industry. The market share of KFC and its competitors are as follows:- Figure 1 (Source: pugetsoundoff, n.d.). Information technology plays an essential role in the unprecedented growth of fast food industry. In this sector the functions of Information technology is significant as it helps in research and development process, marketing process and also in the financial segment. Information systems help organisations in the fast food industry to not only deliver products and services at low c osts but also deliver differentiated products and services. Organisations are using information system to create niche markets for themselves and at the same time focus on developing new and innovative products. The current applications being used in fast food industry include the following:- Point of sale system – It manages the total selling process of an outlet. This is also responsible for the formation and printing of the receipt. A typical retail food outlet POS includes a computer, receipt printer, bar-code scanner, customer display and a cash drawer. Apart from these basic requirements the system sometimes also consists of debit & credit card reader. The next application includes these cash registers are coupled with the computerized system which automatically prepares accounting reports and facilitates reordering of inventories. It also helps in tracking the internal orders and sales. The other application which is very much in use is the Customer Relationship Manage ment System. Customer relationship management (CRM) is all about managing and increasing customer relationships that can help the company to drive the costs down and increase the viability of products and services. (Anderson & Kerr, 2001, p.1-11). Data about customers like

India a Global Economic Super Power Essay Example for Free

India a Global Economic Super Power Essay New parts of the world that were not long ago considered undeveloped, backwater countries, are now taking center stage in the global economy. Much has been publicized about the ascendance of Chinas economy, as it has become a major venue for the manufacturing of products sought after by worldwide consumers eager for cheaper goods. However, Chinas Asian neighbor, India, also has a vigorously growing economy. Indias economy is partly being fueled by companies around the world seeking to reduce their costs by outsourcing some of their operations there. A March 9, 2005 article in the International Herald Tribune reported that within 30 years, India is projected to have the worlds third largest economy and more people than China. Russell DSouza, International Credit Risk Manager for Hallmark International, pointed out that India implemented modern, capitalistic economic reforms in the early 1990s that are producing positive results. The Tribune article reported that Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, who as Finance Minister championed these reforms, proposed major investments in his first budget for education, modernizing Indias colonial-era infrastructure, and lowering tariffs. DSouza also noted India has modernized its banking regulations. India has liberalized its laws to allow foreign banks to take over branches. Local Indian private banks are allowed to set up foreign bank branches. The banking rules have been liberalized considerably. The CIA World Factbooks website estimates that by July 2005, Indias population will be slightly fewer than 1. 1 billion, of nearly 16 percent of the worlds population, not far behind Chinas, which is projected to be 1. 3 billion. Market Place PRI, a business radio program, reported on March 14, 2005 that a recent economic survey predicted India would grow at 7 percent this year. However, the report went on to assert that many economic analysts say that India needs to improve its infrastructure. DSouza, who grew up in India but now lives in the U. S, experienced the problems India has with the Lagging state of much of its infrastructure. Youve got an infrastructure that is woeful. Its one of Indias biggest Achilles heels. Its worse than Chinas. Just the sheer size of its growing middle class provides a huge potential market for India-based companies. DSouza said the size of Indias middle class is over 200 million people. Consumer goods are exploding in India. There are people with cash like Ive never seen before. Indias geopolitical importance and stature are growing too. U. S. foreign policy officials view India, with its strategic location, as an important counter-balance to the growing political and military power of China. U. S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice began a six-nation tour of Asia in India on March 16. An article that same day in the Tribune noted that analysts in Delhi viewed her stop there as a positive sign the United States was eager to underline Indias increasing importance on the U. S. foreign policy agenda. Talks between Rice and Singh focused on defense and military cooperation, economy and trade and synergies in energy and environmental protection. India possesses some advantages that make it especially suited to provide less expensive business services for companies. China, on the other hand, has excelled in the manufacture of cheaper products. The two main advantages for India is that it has an estimated 200 million people who speak English and also a world-class education system. India is a bilingual country, DSouza said. He noted this is a byproduct of its former status as a British colony. It has an advantage over China, he said, in that respect. The educational system in India has produced a significant number of chartered accountants, doctors, MBAs, lawyers, research analysts and other professionals, many of whom will work in India for much less than their professional counterparts in the U. S. and Europe. Alok Aggarwal, Co-founder of Evalueserve, which offers business intelligence, market research and intellectual property services to clients in North America, Europe and Asia, noted there are two types of services offered on an outsourced basis. Business Process Outsourcing, or BPO, involves more routine processing of data. Ravi Aron, Professor of operations and information management at the University of Pennsylvanias Wharton School, said examples of BPO involve more routine functions where there is a predefined way of doing tasks or even reaching conclusions, as in data entry, accounts maintenance and customer service activities such as those performed at call centers. BPOs typically provide such services as setting up bank accounts, selling an insurance policy and voice and e-mail-based computer support. Aggarwal said that a higher Level of service than BPO is called Knowledge Process Outsourcing or KPO. KPO involves high-end processes such as investment research and Legal and insurance claims processing. In a March 21, 2005 article in the Indiatimes News Network, Pavan Bagai, Vice President, strategic businesses, EXL said, Imagine unsorted data going through a black box and coming out as useful information. In KPOs the black box is your mind. There is no predefined process to reach a conclusion. In either BPO or KPO, India often offers a huge cost savings potential over those functions being performed by American workers in the U. S.  Aron said that in credit card-related functions, the cost of an American worker, including benefits and overhead, ranges from $48-55 per hourwhile in India, those costs are only $18-24. A report by Hay Associates estimated that the fully burdened costs of an accounting clerk in Stamford, CT, is $69 per hour, while in Bangalore, India it is $4 per hour. (Though Alok disputes that number saying that currently the loaded costs in Bangalore would be $7-$8 per hour the cost differential is still staggering. ) French Associates reported that a $50,000 U.  S. clerical worker would cost only $10,000 in India and would be a top graduate. This huge gap in employee direct and indirect costs is even more dramatic with KPO services. When you go with high-end work thats when the game gets interesting, Aron said. He said employee costs per hour for an equity research analyst in the U. S. would range from $230-$250 while in India it would only be about $30. Should you find it suitable to relocate, (to one of the countries that offers much cheaper employee costs) you will experience huge savings, Aron said. If you look al the labor cost difference there is a 5-1 to 8-1 cost factor, added Aggarwal, whose firm actually provides equity research and investment banking research services. American doctors are very hard workingbut they dont work five times harder than Indian doctors. The March 21 Indiatimes Network article reported that India, with its knowledge base and lower costs, will be leading the pack in the race for KPO business. The article referred to a report by Evalueserve that India will capture more than 70 percent of the KPO territory by 2010. Indias software trade body reported that export revenues from software outsourcing will reach $17. 3 billion in the fiscal year ending March 2005. In a presentation by Marc Vollenweider, President and CEO of Evalueserve, it was projected that by 2010 India will have about 1. 1 million people employed in BPO. According to Vollenweider, U. S. companies may be compelled to outsource due to his projection of a labor shortage. According to his figures, by fiscal year 2010, the U. S. is projected to experience a shortfall of 5. 4 million workers. In that same timespan, the U. Ks shortfall is projected to be . million workers. Vollenweiders presentation concluded that, Global Sourcing has become an economic imperative for the developed nations to maintain and sustain their historical and current growth. Offshoring IT and BPO services to low-wage destinations provides a viable solution to developed nations who are struggling against the significant shortage of skilled labor. Evalueserve projects that by 2010 India will have 820,000 employed in low-end BPO services generating total revenues of USD 18 billion and 250,000 workers employed in high-end KPO services generating USD 12 billion. A number of major U.  S. -based corporations have set up operations in India or have outsourced certain business services to Indian firms. A report by French Associates indicated India has become a venue for major development centers for IBM and Microsoft. Major corporations like Ford, JP Morgan Chase and HP are currently setting up operations there. General Electric, however, probably has utilized the manpower resources of India more extensively than any other major American Corporation. GEs involvement in India began in September 1989, according to a front-page, March 23, 2005, The Wall Street Journal article. Al that time, then-CEO Jack Welch flew to India for a sales meeting to sell products to India. During that stop in India, Welch met with Indian government officials who pitched him the idea of having some of his companys needs provided by its emerging high-tech sector. Today, The WSJ article pointed out, India earns more than $17 billion from corporations worldwide seeking low-cost overseas talent Although GE is hesitant about taking credit for a trend that has taken many American jobs overseas, most corporate observers agree GE played a major role in the outsourcing boom. The WSJ article further noted that in 1995, GE created GE Capital International Services, now known as Gecis, to handle backroom work and market analysis. In 1999 Gecis established the first international call center in India and in 2000 GE opened a research center in Bangalore to tap the skills of Indian engineers. The WSJ article reported that in November 2004, GE sold a controlling interest in Gecis and now the company will seek business from other companies. French Associates estimated that GE had 5,000 FTEs (full-time equivalents) in India in 2000. That number grew to 12,000 FTEs by the end of 2003. The WSJ article also reported that in 2000, GE opened the Jack F. Welch Technology Center in Bangalore that employs thousands of researchers working on everything from new refrigerators to jet engines. A recent GE report indicated the company plans to spend about $600 million this year on computer-software development from Indian companies. Val Venable, CCE, Credit Manager for GE Advanced Materials, in reference to GEs outsourcing efforts in India, said, We certainly have been a major player. For our company and a lot of companies, youre always looking for quality suppliers at low cost. It makes business sense to do it. Venable, who spoke in India in late March during a five-week business trip there, said that her operations are split between the U. S. and India. Part of my collections team sits in the U. S. and some of it is in India. She said that employee allocation between that in the U. S. and India is proportional to the workload. If I have 70 percent of my people in India, I look to have 70 percent of my work there. My people in the U. S. have a lot more credit experience, so they do a lot of the credit decisions. In Venables case, even though GE does not wholly own Gecis anymore, it has not changed her operations. My relationship with my team has not changed. We work together and we have sub-teams. For our credit and collections teams we didnt see a difference. My people from the India and the U. S. have been trained the same. The cost savings of operations in India arent just confined to personnel expenses Venable said. Its not just the cost of the people. Over here I have different IT costs and I have different training costs. She acknowledged that many Indian employees are well educated and enthusiastic about their work. Theres a huge emphasis on education here. Its their first experience in business. On the issue that some Americans have complained about not being able to understand customer services representatives in India, Venable said, Some of my team have fairly strong accents, but have you ever called Texas of Mississippi? They have accents too. We usually work on that. Thats part of the service to the customers. An unavoidable drawback Venable mentioned of outsourced services emanating from India to American consumers is, If youre going to have a team in India, theres a time zone difference. She said the time zone difference between India and the U. S. is 9. 5 hours and 4. 5 hours between India and the U. K. She san the time zone difference actually has not been a major problem for her operations. The areas around the call centers are becoming a 24-hour culture. Probably in the next 20 years were going to have virtual offices and it wont matter where people sit. Does everybody need to sit in the same room? Probably not. †

mike bloomberg :: essays research papers

Mike Bloomberg is running for mayor of New York City. The elections will be held Nov.6. One of the things he says that he will do if he becomes mayor is that he will have the NYPD retain command and control of school safety officers. He says that, â€Å"Schools can be used to address the issue of police-community relations. Students and police should get to know each other in non-adversarial ways through the school system.† I agree with him on this issue because many students do not like the NYPD. I think that if they would get to know the officers, they would not feel afraid or threatened by them. On Mr. Bloomberg’s web site, he says, â€Å"Guns off the Streets. New York State has some of the strongest gun control laws in the nation. But illegal guns still find their way onto our streets and into the hands of criminals.† That is the right approach to gun control. Guns should not find their way into criminal’s hands. I agree with Mr. Bloomberg on his gun control issues. Mike Bloomberg has very interesting views on public transportation. He says â€Å"To encourage the use of mass transit, I pledge to lead by example. Every day I go to City Hall during my administration I will take public transportation rather than the City-provided official car†. That is very unconventional. I think that if people want to take cars to work, they should have the right to. Also, the mayor, a public official is not expected to take mass transit. The subway could be a dangerous place and they mayor of NYC should not be taking the subway to work everyday. The forth issue which I found interesting was that

Pantawid Pamilya Report

PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM (Conditional Cash Transfer in the Philippines) HISTORY Pantawid Program started in 2008 is one of the responses of the Philippine Government to the challenge of meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The program works to attain 5 out of the 8 MDGs namely: Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women Goal 4: Reduce child mortality Goal 5: Improve maternal healthThis version of the government of the Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) was patterned after the successful poverty reduction and social development measures of some Latin and Caribbean countries: |Country |Name of Program |Year Started | |Brazil |Bolsa Familia |1995 | |Mexico |Progresa/Oportunidades |1997 | |Colombia |Familias en Accion |2000 | |Honduras |Programa de Asignacion Familiar |2000 | |Nicaragua |Red de Protection Social |2000 | |Jamaica |Program for Advancement through Health and E ducation |2001 | |Chile |Chile Solidario |2002 | Poverty in the Philippines affects 27. 9 million Filipinos. This translates to 4. 7 million families that are poverty-stricken. 30% of the total population is unable to meet their basic food and non-food requirements and they do not avail of the basic health services. 1. 9 million families are unable to get the food needed for nutritional health and well-being of their members, especially young children. With these data, the Philippine government came up with its own version of the conditional cash transfer program. OBJECTIVES Short Term Objective †¢ Social Assistance gt; Provide assistance to the poor to alleviate their immediate needs. Long Term Objective †¢ Social Development >Break the intergenerational cycle of poverty through investment in human capital i. e. , education, health and nutrition. BENEFICIARIES/TARGET POPULATION Eligible beneficiaries include the following: 1. Residents of the poorest municipalities based on 2003 Small Area Estimates (SAE) of NSCB; 2. Households whose economic condition is equal to or below the provincial poverty threshold. 3. Households that have children 0-14 years old and/or have a pregnant woman at the time of assessment; 4. Households that agree to meet conditions specified in the program. REGION |NO. OF PROVINCES |NO. OF CITIES/ |NO. OF HOUSEHOLDS | | | |MUNICIPALITIES | | |REGION I |4 |35 |35,330 | |REGION II |4 |23 |25,574 | |REGION III |7 |41 |31,183 |REGION IV-A |5 |70 |105,981 | |REGION IV-B |5 |61 |141,266 | |REGION V |6 |93 |262,291 | |REGION VI |7 |86 |187,813 | |REGION VII |4 |61 |145,349 | |REGION VIII |5 |95 |179,692 | |REGION IX |3 |67 |209,593 | |REGION X |5 |82 |214,060 | |REGION XI |4 |34 |130,521 | |REGION XII |4 |34 |163,149 | |CARAGA |5 |70 |148,520 | |ARMM |5 |99 |258,738 | |CAR |6 |42 |26,274 | |NCR |0 |17 |73,727 | |TOTAL |79 |1,010 |2,339,060 | **as of 3rd quarter of 2011(set 1-4) PROGRAM STRATEGIES AND ACTIVITIES The program provides con ditional cash grants to beneficiaries, through Landbank cash card, to wit: ? Health and Nutrition ? P6,000 per year or P500 per month per household ? Education ? P3,000 per year or P300 per month per child for 10 months a year, to a maximum of 3 children per household Program Conditionalities (Co-responsibility of the Household) HEALTH AND NUTRITION †¢ Pregnant Household Member ? Visit their local health center to avail of pre- and post-natal care. Avail of appropriate delivery services by a skilled health professional. ? Avail at least one post-natal care within 6 weeks after childbirth. †¢ Children 0-5 Years Old ? Visit the health center to avail immunization. ? Have monthly weight monitoring and nutrition counseling for children aged 0-2 years old. ? Have quarterly weight monitoring for 25 to 73 weeks old. ? Have management of childhood diseases for sick children. †¢ Children 6-14 Years Old ? Must receive deworming pills twice a year. EDUCATION †¢ Children 3-5 years old ? enrolled in day care or pre-school program and maintain a class attendance rate of at least 85% per month. †¢ Children 6-14 years old enrolled in elementary and secondary school and maintain a class attendance rate of at least 85% per month. ISSUES AND CONCERNS Dole-out ? No, it is a social contract between the beneficiary and the government and it is a development program that invests in human capital. It is a conditional payment and the beneficiaries must meet specific conditions before they can get the cash assistance. It encourages them to invest in the future, their own, and those of their children. Inclusion Error ? Ineligible households were asked to voluntarily waive from the program. This includes households who have a regular income like teachers and other professionals.

Quick Money

Over the weekend Lucy organized a sleep over for a friend who was interested in making some quick money. Rob tried to molest her. Lucy's friend resisted, and that is how the scuffle began. Karen; Lucy's friend had known what she had come but needed a little persuasion as she had never that kind of stuff and she desperately needed money to bail her boyfriend out of prison. Lucy nudged her and later went to call dad who was waiting impatiently in the sitting room downstairs. The action used to happen in Lucy room. Dad staggered into the room, grabbed Karen by the neck and pinned her down to the bed. He a little bit violent when drunk. Karen let out a sharp shrill and gathered enough adrenaline to push dad who had already tore her red velvet dress apart and was mounting her.She succeeded but lost her step and fell on her belly two steps from the leg of the bed. With hawk instincts Rob rose and grabbed her by the ankle. Rob pulled her back towards him and she reacted by kicking him thrice in his face, a matter that escalated the tension and made Rob become more rabid as he started nose bleeding. He was now on his feet and his sinister motive was written all over his face as his boner had receded. A panic struck Karen leaped out of the room and tried to shut the door behind her but Rob's hand was already on her left arm. Karen jerked from the tight grip and hit her back on the rails of the first floor, she lost balance and landed on the ground head first. By then Lucy was just stepping back into the house. I called for the ambulance immediately but the time it got to the house she had already passed out and was pronounced dead upon arrival in the hospital. ReferenceMelatonin signalin , Kj Schippers, SA Nichols 2014Guiding life dark secret, LM Friedman 2007

Free Essays on Benedict Arnold

Benedict Arnold’s Other Story The story of Benedict Arnold's heroism on behalf of America, especially on Lake Champlain, is largely unknown, and it's the story we want to tell here. We'll leave those dark facts of his later defection and traitorous ways to historians. He gets plenty of bad press there...and deserves it too. As the American Revolution began, Arnold volunteered to lead 1000 men up through the woods of Maine to attack British Canada by surprise, through its back door, at Quebec City (Brody, pg. 126). This journey, which is still talked about in that part of the country, proved to be a disaster for the volunteers who marched off. Half starved, frozen, and making broth by boiling their own shoe leather and cartridge boxes, they stumbled out of the wilds 50 days later...with 40% of them dead (Brody, pg. 126-127). Many believed they would have all perished were it not for Arnold's courage and leadership in those woods. Valiant battles against overwhelming odds lay ahead through the winter in Canada, but the expedition failed. In June of 1776, Arnold, badly wounded he, led his ravaged men away from Montreal toward the North end of Lake Champlain (Randall, â€Å"Lake Champlain†). The British were hot on his trail. He was the last American to leave Canada, having seen to the task of burning anything of value behind. Waiting in the dark, and with one boat left to carry him to safety, he heard the British soldiers march to within musket range. An ardent horse lover, he spurred his steed to the water's edge, then shot it with a single bullet to the head, removed the saddle, and pushed off in his boat. After rowing, almost a hundred miles, his army finally found safety on July 7th near the Southern end of our lake...at Fort Amherst on Crown Point. They literally crawled into the battered fortification. A Council of War with the American officers stationed at the garrison was under way, and without so much as a bath, Arnold imm... Free Essays on Benedict Arnold Free Essays on Benedict Arnold Benedict Arnold’s Other Story The story of Benedict Arnold's heroism on behalf of America, especially on Lake Champlain, is largely unknown, and it's the story we want to tell here. We'll leave those dark facts of his later defection and traitorous ways to historians. He gets plenty of bad press there...and deserves it too. As the American Revolution began, Arnold volunteered to lead 1000 men up through the woods of Maine to attack British Canada by surprise, through its back door, at Quebec City (Brody, pg. 126). This journey, which is still talked about in that part of the country, proved to be a disaster for the volunteers who marched off. Half starved, frozen, and making broth by boiling their own shoe leather and cartridge boxes, they stumbled out of the wilds 50 days later...with 40% of them dead (Brody, pg. 126-127). Many believed they would have all perished were it not for Arnold's courage and leadership in those woods. Valiant battles against overwhelming odds lay ahead through the winter in Canada, but the expedition failed. In June of 1776, Arnold, badly wounded he, led his ravaged men away from Montreal toward the North end of Lake Champlain (Randall, â€Å"Lake Champlain†). The British were hot on his trail. He was the last American to leave Canada, having seen to the task of burning anything of value behind. Waiting in the dark, and with one boat left to carry him to safety, he heard the British soldiers march to within musket range. An ardent horse lover, he spurred his steed to the water's edge, then shot it with a single bullet to the head, removed the saddle, and pushed off in his boat. After rowing, almost a hundred miles, his army finally found safety on July 7th near the Southern end of our lake...at Fort Amherst on Crown Point. They literally crawled into the battered fortification. A Council of War with the American officers stationed at the garrison was under way, and without so much as a bath, Arnold imm...

Understanding Participial Phrases

Understanding Participial Phrases A participial phrase or clause is a wonderful tool for writers because it gives color and action to a sentence. By employing verbals- words derived from a verb- along with other grammatical elements, an author can craft clauses that function as an adjective, modifying nouns and pronouns. The participial phrase contains a participle and the other words in the phrase that modify the noun or pronoun. They cant stand alone as complete sentences. Present or Past Participial phrases or clauses consist of a present participle  (a verbal ending in ing) or past participle (a verbal ending in en ed,  d, t, n, or ne), plus modifiers, objects, and complements. A participle may  be followed by  an  adverb, a  prepositional phrase, an  adverb clause, or any combination of these.  They are set off by commas and function the same way adjectives do in a sentence. Past-participial phrase:  Invented by an Indiana housewife in 1889, the first dishwasher was driven by a steam engine.Present-participial phrase:  Working before unfriendly crowds, the referee has orders to exude poise under the most trying circumstances. Here, for example, the participial phrase consists of a present participle (holding), an object (the flashlight), and an adverb (steadily): Holding the flashlight steadily,  Jenny approached the strange creature. In the next sentence, the participial phrase includes a present participle (making), an object (a great ring), and a prepositional phrase (of white light): Jenny waved the flashlight over her head,  making a great ring of white light. Placement and Punctuation Participial phrases can appear in one of three places within a sentence, but  be careful not to risk awkwardness or confusion by placing it too far from the word it modifies. For example, a participial phrase that indicates a cause usually precedes the  main clause and sometimes follows the  subject, but only rarely appears at the end of the sentence. No matter where they are, they always modify a subject. Correctly punctuating a sentence that contains such a clause depends on where it is placed in reference to the subject. Before the main  clause, the participial phrase is followed by a comma: Speeding down the highway, Bob didnt notice the police car. After the main clause, it is preceded by a comma: The gamblers silently arranged their cards, losing themselves in thought. In mid-sentence position, it is set off by commas before and after: The real estate agent, thinking of her profit potential, decided not to buy the property. In each sentence below, the participial phrase clearly modifies the subject (my sister) and suggests a cause: Discouraged by the long hours and low pay, my sister finally quit her job.My sister,  discouraged by the long hours and low pay, finally quit her job. But consider what happens when the participial phrase moves to the end of the sentence: My sister finally quit her job,  discouraged by the long hours and low pay. Here the logical order of cause-effect is reversed, and as a result, the sentence may be less effective than the first two versions. While the sentence absolutely works grammatically, some may misread that the job is feeling discouraged, instead of the sister. Dangling Participial Phrases Although participial phrases can be an effective tool, beware. A misplaced or dangling participial phrase can cause embarrassing errors. The easiest way to tell whether a phrase is being used correctly is to look at the subject it is modifying. Does the relationship make sense? Dangling phrase: Reaching for a glass, the cold soda called my name.Corrected phrase: Reaching for a glass, I could hear the cold soda calling my name. The first example is illogical; a bottle of soda cant reach for a glass- but a person can pick up that glass and fill it. Be careful when combining sentences and converting one to a participial phrase to keep the subject of the sentence that goes with the adjectival phrase. For instance, you wouldnt want the following sentences: I curled my toes and squinted.The doctor prepared to puncture my arm with a needle. to turn into: Curling my toes and squinting, the doctor prepared to puncture my arm with a needle. Here the participial phrase refers to  the doctor  when it should refer to  I- a pronoun thats not in the sentence. This kind of problem is called a  dangling modifier, dangling participle, or misplaced modifier. We can correct this dangling modifier either by adding  I  to the sentence or by replacing the participial phrase with an  adverb clause: Curling my toes and squinting,  I waited for the doctor to puncture my arm with a needle.As I curled my toes and squinted, the doctor prepared to puncture my arm with a needle. Gerunds vs. Participles A gerund is a verbal that also ends in ing, just like participles in the present tense. You can tell them apart by looking at how they function within a sentence.  A gerund functions as a  noun, while a  present participle functions as an adjective. Gerund:  Laughing  is good for you.Present participle: The laughing woman clapped her hands with joy. Gerund Clauses vs. Participial Phrases Confusing gerunds or participles can be easy because both can also form clauses. The simplest way to differentiate the two is to use the word it in place of the verbal. If the sentence still makes grammatical sense, youve got a gerund clause: If not, its a participial phrase. Gerund phrase: Playing golf relaxes Shelly.Participial phrase: Waiting for takeoff, the pilot radioed the control tower.

Analysing specific financial issues in Oxford Instruments PLC Essay

Analysing specific financial issues in Oxford Instruments PLC - Essay Example The company has a vision to actually turn smart science into viable and affordable commercial products which can be easily available to the target market. It is involved in the development of sophisticated The company started as a small company manufacturing magnets used in the scientific research however, over the period of time, company grew and become one of the most important players in the market. Its history also suggests that it was the first spin-off from the Oxford University and was the first venture which was successfully launched from Oxford University. This paper will explore the financial performance of the Oxford Instruments Plc with special reference to how stock markets are related with the public limited companies and their performance, relationship between the investor values and financial performance of the firm, the gearing level and issue of debt to the investors besides summarizing the overall things with special reference to the limitations of the ratio analysis. There are different methods under which an organization can actually raise money and utilize those funds for the expansion and development of business. One of the key methods of having funds is to basically borrow from the banks, financial institutions or through issuing debt to the investors. Debt or the money borrowed by the companies however, have to be paid repaid along with the interest rates to the debt holders i.e. the persons who actually buy the debt and expect to be repaid with their original principal amount and the interest. Secondly, however, firms can also raise money by selling their equity on the stock markets. A firm, when issuing stocks for the first time to raise money, enters into what is called primary issue of stock listing. Primary issue is basically when the firm sells its stocks for the first time at the price they decide to set whereas secondary selling of the stock market takes place

You guys have to refer my file Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

You guys have to refer my file - Essay Example Additionally, the four encourage the reconciliation of both obedience and conscience (Milgram and Philip 189). As such, they encourage ethical and moral practice. The police officers did not obey the standards procedure in their desire to restore law and order in the streets. Furthermore, the officers brutalized their suspects thus disregarding all the ethical and moral dictates of the practice. I believe the local Oakland resident made the statement out of rage. Apparently, drug was a major cause of disharmony in the society. The rogue officers stamped their authority albeit illegally thereby reducing the prevalence of drug-related crime. The resident thus believed that such officers would help restore law and order in the society and that they were acting for the greater good of the society. The resident later reconsiders the lawless nature of the actions of the police. He understands that the actions disregarded basic human rights. Additionally, such actions would possibly begin affecting innocent residents. The resident, therefore, concludes by expressing his confusion. I imagine the rough riders came into existence because of inefficiencies in the management of the police department. The management of the police department relented in their supervision of the officers thus permitting a few officers to break the

Country Analysis (Libya) for international business class Essay

Country Analysis (Libya) for international business class - Essay Example In addition to the normal requirements for a contract to be valid and implementable, sharia has strict guidelines on other religious requirements for contracts. These requirements put into account all recommendations and prohibitions of the Muslim law. However, this would be appealing to investors if applied to the letter. Other factors that influence the running of businesses in Libya include but not limited to corruption and discrimination. Legal protection of property The reign of Gaddafi has not given citizens the right to own property. All property in Libya is everyone’s property in accordance to the principle of socialism. The only property that a family can own in Libya is their residential home. This was a good idea that could have worked if used legitimately instead of the way Gadhafi, his family and circle of friends used public property for personal gain (Heritage 2010). Even after change of regime, Gaddafi still wields power as the de facto leader of the oil rich N orth African nation. The transition government that has taken over leadership of Libya after Gadhafi’s ouster has a great deal to do to put in place mechanisms for an independent legal system. In addition, it has to deal with the ills of the Gadhafi regime that have wrecked the governance system. In addition, the constitution must be changed to allow profitable property ownership as the power to privatize or nationalize property still freely solely with the government (Dep. of State, 2010). There has been no move in the right direction to change the laws on intellectual property rights since the government abolished them in 1978. The Libyan government has signed treaties on intellectual property rights but the implementation of the contents in Libya is wanting. Libya ranked 113 out of 125 countries in the 2010 Intellectual Property Rights Index, having one of the most widespread trademark violations in the world (Heritage 2010). Country’s trade policy There is no levy for goods produced in Libya but all imports attract a 4% service tax. This attempt to make local goods more affordable fails majorly because of other factors that increase the cost of trade and the cost of final products. Some of these factors include government interference like price controls, practices in oil products trade, bans and restrictions, subsidies, competition from state owned corporations, sanctions and arbitrary and other unexplained charges. Corruption plays a major role in order for private organizations to obtain trade licenses and to secure contracts and tenders. Since 2007 to 2009, inflation was moderated at 4.9% by the central government mostly by price controls through state-owned firms and via government utilities (Heritage 2010). Country’s laws regarding ownership (FDI) In most cases, foreign companies do not own land in Libya. This means that if one considers investing in Libya they have to put into account the cost of rent that is determined by the g overnment and whose amount might be unfair for the investor. This is however expected to change if the Libyan transitional government delivers a new, more democratic constitution. The worst part for foreign companies comes in when their ownership is considered. 35% of stake in foreign companies is reserved for natives. Even though legislation was passed in 2005 that allows foreign banks to operate in Libya, the high cost of credit, competition with state-owned banks and unavailability of funding are the major obstacles to investing in the

Cause And Effects Of Land Degradation Environmental Sciences Essay

Cause And Effects Of Land Degradation Environmental Sciences Essay Land degradation is an issue of increasing concern to most countries. It is a concept in which the value of the environment is affected by one or more combination of human induced processes acting upon the land. It also means the deterioration in the quantity of land or soil that affects phenomena such as floods and bushfires. The land degradation threatens not only the viability of agriculture, but also water quality, human health, biodiversity and the fundamental ecological processes on which all life depend. The loss of arable land has been caused by a number of factors, many or most of which are tied to human development and agriculture used. The major causes are land clearance such as clear cutting and deforestation, agriculture activities, irrigation salinity and over drafting, livestock including overgrazing, pollution and industrialization. Overgrazing is a common problem in many parts of Australia. It is caused by animals, generally sheep, cattle, or other feral animals, all concentrated in the one area, all feeding on the grass and shrubs. Grass and shrubs hold the soil firmly together. The removal of grass and shrubs leaves the soil bare and susceptible to wind and water erosion. The soil can be broken up or compacted by hooves, this makes the problem worse. Irrigation salinity is when the irrigation water, used to provide water for crops and pasture, seeps down to the water table, with all the dissolved salts, rises and kills the crops and grass, as they are not used to the salty soils. Deforestation is the complete removal of a forest ecosystem and conversion of the land to another type of landscape. It differs from clear-cutting, which entails complete removal of all standing trees but leaves the soil in a condition to regrow a new forest if seeds are available. Over drafting is the process of extracting groundwater beyond the safe yield or equilibrium yield of the aquifer. Since every groundwater basin recharges at a different rate depending upon precipitation, vegetative cover and soil conservation practices, the quantity of groundwater that can be safely pumped varies greatly among regions of the world and even within provinces. Some aquifers require a very long time to recharge and thus the process of over drafting can have consequences of effectively drying up certain sub-surface water supplies. Land Degradation Processes The main outcome of land degradation is a substantial reduction in the productivity of land. The land degradation processes include soil erosion, nutrient depletion, salinization, desertification and soil acidification or alkalinisation. Soil erosion is a natural process that removes soil from the land. The critical aspect of soil erosion for our purpose here is that the rate of the process is highly dependent on human actions. Natural rates of soil erosion are lower for soil with a good cover of vegetation than for bare soil. In fact, any human actions that uncover soil (farming, logging, building, overgrazing, fires, etc.) greatly enhance soil erosion rates. Soil salinization is the concentration of salts in the surface or near surface of soils. It involves the processes of salt accumulation in the upper rooting zone so that many plants are inhibited or prohibited from normal growth. Human induced salinization is a major problem in drylands and is often associated with large-scale irrigation. Dryland Salinity When drylands are irrigated, the water evaporates quickly, leaving behind previously dissolved salts. These salts can collect, since there is little rain to flash the system. The salt in the soil inhibits the uptake of water by plant roots and the soil can no longer sustain a vegetative cover. Irrigation Salinity Irrigation salinity is when the irrigation water, used to provide water for crops and pasture, seeps down to the water table, with all the dissolved salts, rises and kills the crops and grass, as they are not used to the salty soils. Nutrients loss is an important problem in regions of low-input agriculture, such as Africa. In such regions, when crops are harvested, essential nutrients are taken away in the crop and not replaced. Desertification occurs whenever a non-desert area starts to exhibit the characteristics of a true desert. The term was coined by the United Nations in 1977. The main cause of desertification is not drought, but mismanagement of land, including overgrazing and felling of trees and brushwood for fuels. Soil acidification is when certain chemicals are used on the soil, for various reasons including pesticides, removal of salt from the surface and the soil, acid rain, the growth of certain crops, certain animal wastes and etc, these chemicals are often absorbed into the soil and become part of the soil-structure. With these chemicals now part of the soil, the soil may become acidic and therefore crops and pastures will not grow. Soil acidification can lead to a productivity decline up to and equal to 50%. Soil akalinisation is clay soils with high pH (> 9), a poor soil structure and a low infiltration capacity. Alkali soils owe their unfavorable physico-chemical properties mainly to the dominating presence of sodium carbonate which causes the soil to swell. Sometimes these soils are also referred to as (alkaline) sodic soils. Effect of degradation Several land degradation affected a significant portion of the arable lands, decreasing the wealth and economic development of nations. Land degradation cancels out advanced by improved crop yields and reduced population growth. As the land resource, base becomes less productive, food security is comprised and competition for dwindling resources increases. Thus, a downward eco-social spiral is created when lands are nutrient depleted by unsustainable land management practices resulting in lost soil stability leading to permanent change. Land degradation not only affects soil productivity but also have more significant impacts on receiving water resources. Since soil along with nutrients and contaminants associated with soil, are delivered in large quantities to environments. Land degradation therefore has potentially impacts on lakes and reservoirs that are designed to alleviate flooding provide irrigation and generate Hydro-Power. In summary, land degradation includes soil erosion, salinization, soil acidification or akalinisation and desertification. The rate of degradation has increased dramatically with growth in human populations and technology. Severe land damage accompanies large-scale of agriculture. The continued loss of arable land will jeopardize our ability to feed the world population. Land degradation is a worldwide problem which includes both of the developed and developing countries.

1876 Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia Essays -- Architecture Hist

Centennial Exhibition, Philadelphia 1876 Opening day of the 1876 Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia was a spectacular festival of flags, music, and a one-hundred gun salute. After President Grant gave his opening address, the signal was given to unfurl and raise every flag and insignia simultaneously on the entire fairground. A chorus of one thousand began to sing, accompanied by an orchestra and chimes, and the barrage of one hundred rifles symbolized a century of independence for the United States of America (McCabe). This was the first major international world's fair in North America, and while many foreigners argued the United States did not have anything to show, the country shone through displaying its growth into a major industrial power. Philadelphia, the location of the signing of the Declaration of Independence, was chosen as the site for the fair. Its central location also played in its favor. The Building Committee hired twenty-seven year-old H. J. Schwarzmann as chief engineer. He not only planned the layout of the grounds, but also designed Memorial and Horticultural Halls, the two structures intended to be permanent. The fairgrounds were about two miles north-west from the center of Philadelphia, across the Schuylkill River in a portion of Fairmount Park. One of the world's largest municipal parks, it was devised in 1682 by the founder of Pennsylvania, William Penn. As he was navigating the Schuylkill River, Penn noticed a grand bluff and exclaimed, "What a faire mount!" (Klein). The natural park-like setting, and the proximity to colonial Philadelphia, created a unique atmosphere for the fair. The two artifacts depicted here are a bird's eye view showing the main buildings of the exhibition, and a map ... ... system, and public services. On the last day of the Exhibition, John Welsh, the president of the Centennial Board of Finance, said good-bye: "Our work has its place in the annals of the nation. If the memories of it be pleasant to our countrymen, we have done well." (Maass). Looking back at the exhibition's accomplishments, it is fair to say they did well. Works Cited Armstrong, Lilian. Renaissance Miniature Painters and Classical Imagery. Harvey Miller Publishers. London, England. 1981. Klein, Esther M. Fairmount Park. Harcum Junior College Press. Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. 1974. McCabe, James D. The Illustrated History of the Centennial Exhibition. The National Publishing Company. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 1975 Post, Robert C. 1876: A Centennial Exhibition. The National Museum of History and Technology Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. 1976.

Fascism in Venice

Ryan Johnson December 13, 2012 HIST 3400 Soper Venetian Fascism in the Shadow of Wars The qualities that compose fascism are debatable and endless. What is really important about fascism is how it attempted to succeed by influencing not only Venetian, but also Italian culture and society from the beginning of World War I until the end of World War II. Benito Mussolini when speaking on fascism stated that, â€Å"†¦For Fascism, the growth of empire, that is to say the expansion of the nation, is essential manifestation of vitality, and its opposite a sign of decadence†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Enciclopedia Italiana, Handout).The success with which fascism had in expanding the nation is an argument for another time, but the ways they attempted to maintain the â€Å"essential manifestation of vitality† and challenged the boundaries of cultural society in hopes of success are well worth mentioning. Fascism did not have many cultural victories and this could be one aspect of an argument as to why it was a failure. However, one of fascisms greatest â€Å"cultural victories† in Italy can be viewed when studying the floating city of Venice and events that accompanied it.Fascism, as a whole, attempted to conquer in more ways than just obtaining land by means of military victory or tangible items as tokens of their success. As stated above by Mussolini himself, if fascism was indeed to succeed, it needed to support the growth of the Italian nation. The Fascist Party needed to not only influence the Italian people through propaganda, but also gain the support of the Italian nation while challenging the cultural and societal boundaries.In the years between World War I and World War II, fascism made attempting strides to try and create an aesthetic visual for the party, mainly by intervening in society and culture. All moves made by the fascists with regards to culture appeared to be solely instrumental and functional to gaining one hundred percent support of the po pulation in favor of the dictatorship. The effects of World War I, World War II, and fascism can still be seen today in Venetian and Italian culture. World War I was a horrendous time for Italian soldiers fighting in the trenches.Venice was very close to the battle lines on the border with Austria-Hungary, just North of where they lie. Venetians could not only feel the constant threat from the Austrians, but also had a daily reminder when they stepped outside. Venice closed their port, for fear of attack, but they also had to deal with the fact that, â€Å"†¦barrage balloons could be seen†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Barrage balloons had long steel cables attached to them and were mainly used to deter low-flying enemy aircraft from reaching or bombing an area.These defense balloons were used during World War I and II. For the short distance that Venice was from the battlefront they were fairly lucky in how little devastation took place during the war. During World War I Venice was always ex tremely nervous about their next-door neighbors, the Austrians, of attacking the maritime port, but the city never fell to enemy attack. There were very few bombing that occurred in Venice, and the deaths that did take place mainly happened during the â€Å"black-out† hours.These â€Å"black-out† hours would occur in hopes of minimizing the amount of light escaping outside. By doing this, the Venetians were making it very difficult for any sort of aerial attack to bomb their city, port, or boats off of visibility alone. These were the only significant negative effects even worth mentioning that occurred for the city of Venice during World War I. World War II was similar to World War I with regards to the significantly negative effects it had on the city of Venice, there were just about none.As opposed to the devastation that occurred throughout much of Italy, Venice got away pretty nicely. Yet again, the â€Å"blackout† hours when people would fall into the cana l or injure themselves in other ways in the dark were one of the primary contributors to the death toll. It has been stated that Venice remained essentially untouched throughout the duration of the Second World War. However the minute losses that did occur, with exception of Germans capturing Jews, can be summed up in a few sentences. One or two windows were broken; a stray shell hit the tower of San Nicolo del Mendicoli as the Germans were retrateing; and the Tiepolo friezes in the Palazzo Labia were damaged when an ammunition ship exploded in the harbour. † Although the people of Venice saw little to none of the intense fighting, they were not as lucky to maintain an unconquered status during World War II as they had in World War I. For Germany, September 1943 was the beginning of a fairly short control over northern and central Italy that included Venice.Although Germany occupied Venice until April 28, 1945, very few deaths occurred to the Venetian citizens while in the cit y. â€Å"In the city itself a campaign of sabotage was followed by reprisals in which five men were shot in Cannaregio on July 8, 1944; some thirty partisans were executed later that month, followed on August 3 by seven hostages in Riva dell’Impero, called subsequently, in their memory, Riva dei Sette Martiri. † The most extensive part of the death toll came to the Jewish population in Venice with the presence of the Germans in 1943.The Venetians had historically tolerated the Jewish population up until about 1938 with the enactment of new racial laws. After the racial laws, persecution got so bad for the Jewish population, that they were laid off from their job, and grotesque signs were placed on businesses stating â€Å"Dogs and Jews Prohibited†. It only got worse from there after the Germans arrived in 1943, and the open persecution, capture, and killing of Jews from 1943 to 1945 took place.It has been estimated that approximately two hundred Jews were hunted down and sent to concentration camps in the mainland, with some even being deported to Auschwitz. The Germans were so thorough in their cause to vaporize the Jewish population from the earth, they would even go to hospitals to retrieve mentally ill Jewish patients and send them to an early grave. It has been recorded that only eight of the two hundred Venetian Jews captured by the Germans were ever returned home again.The German’s vicious attempts to eliminate the Jewish population and the atrocities that ensued will never be forgotten. With that being said, Venice got out of not only World War I, but also World War II with an extremely minimal death count compared to the millions of lives that were lost as a consequence of the two wars. World War I and II both impacted Venice, but in a fairly nominal way when viewing the status of many other parts of Italy and the world. However, there were two very influential fascist characters that emerge as a product of World War I and are present throughout World War II.These two men are noteworthy fascist figures with one that called Venice a home for a period of his life and another that was a true Venetian. The first man, Gabriele D’Annunzio, assumed a position, as a fascist political figure in Venice, and he was well known even before fascism was created. D’Annunzio was not a native-born Venetian, but was fairly well known in Italy as a â€Å"poet, novelist, playwright, politician (right- and left-wing in rapid succession), and daring First World War pilot who led sorties against Vienna itself†.It was during World War I when D’Annunzio decided to establish his residence in Venice. When he was not contributing to the fighting he could be found at his home, that was located off of the Grand Canal, called Casetta delle Rose. D’Annunzio continues to have a presence in the fascist politics all the way until its eventual demise, but was most famous for his irredentist taking of Fi ume, which is now present-day Rijeka in Croatia. He was angry that Fiume was not ceded to Italy by the Austrians at the end of World War I with the signing of the peace Treaty of Saint-Germain.D’Annunzio ruled over Fiume as a dictator until December of 1921, and it has been said that Benito Mussolini even â€Å"viewed D’Annunzio with a mixture of admiration and envy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  D’Annunzio was a fascist political figure that did not necessarily contribute much to the city of Venice as much as he was solely a constant reminder of the fascist presence. The second man that emerged from the outcome of World War I was an entrepreneurial man by the name of Giuseppe Volpi. Unlike D’Annunzio, Volpi was a native-born Venetian.He was born in Venice in 1877, and before he was thirty years old he had established the Societa Adriatica di Elettricita in the Palazzo Balbi on the Grand Canal, â€Å"which soon had a monopoly on the supply of electricity in the Veneto a nd Emilia-Romagna. † Along with his northeastern electricity monopoly, Volpi was constantly finding new ways to improve and advance Venetian industry. He would dabble in other industries that included petro-chemicals, iron, and shipping that significantly contributed to advancing Venetian industry, more specifically in Porto Marghera.Volpi’s success on top of his founding of Societa Adriatica di Elettricita was substantial; it has been recorded that he was a, â€Å"president or vice-president of twenty other companies, as a member of the boards of forty-six more, and as a major shareholder in over fifty. † During World War I Volpi was the head of a Committee for Industrial Mobilization where his project of turning the old Venetian fortress of Marghera into an industrial port and factory capable area. Volpi was quite successful in his project in Marghera.The area, prior to Volpi’s presence, only contained a thousand inhabitants in 1921. The growth of Marghe ra after Volpi’s intervening was exponential. â€Å"†¦Marghera had grown by 1940 to a town containing fifteen thousand workers in a hundred industries, and by 1967 to one of thirty-five thousand workers in 211 industries. † Volpi’s tremendous success as an entrepreneur and financial guru in northeast Italy, without fail, caught the attention of the Italian government. Volpi was awarded for his successes with the title and position as Governor of Tripoli.Soon after being deemed Governor, and already a standing member of the Fascist party, Volpi was put into office as Mussolini’s Minister of Finance in 1925. It has been stated that Volpi, â€Å"became one of the most successful administrators of the regime. † Three years after Volpi was positioned as Minister of Finance he resigned after disagreeing heavily with Mussolini on the â€Å"artificially high level at which the leader insisted on fixing the exchange rates, and never having become one of his close circle, he concentrated again on Venice and industry. Volpi was always a very influential fascist figure in Venice, but his greatest contribution to the success of the influence of the Fascist party and its cultural production came when he assumed the position as, â€Å"President of the reconstituted Esposizione Biennale Internazionale d’Arte in 1932. † This Exhibition, more commonly known as the Biennale, originated as nothing more than an Exhibition with strange occurrences such as a man’s face that was stuck in rigor mortis known as Supremo Convegno.In 1934, the Fascist government declared the once bi-annual event was to start taking place annually. The success of the Biennale was consistently growing after it was introduced as an annual event. In 1934, there were 41,000 people that showed up, in 1935, 38,500 people, in 1936, 50,000 attended, and in 1937, there was a staggering 60,000 participants. The Biennale by the year 1948 was considered to be one of the most important events in the entire world of art, and the Exhibition got to that point with the help of Giuseppe Volpi as he active President for twelve years. The international respect and publicity the Biennale gained each year was consistently growing. Countries would set up pavilions at the Biennale and present among them even during the Biennale’s early stages were Belgium, Britain, Germany, Hungary, France, Russia, Sweden, Spain, Czechoslovakia, and the United States. Even though the Biennale is an Exhibition where artwork is displayed, it has a sense of friendly competition between countries for who can produce some of the best artwork.During one Biennale exhibition there were not only paintings by nearly all of the best Italian artists under Italy’s pavilion, but also works â€Å"by Picasso and Klee, by Chagall and Kokoschka. The French staged exhibitions by Braque, Rouault, and Maillol, the Belgians by Delvaux and Ensor, the British by Henry Moo re. † The participation of artists as prestigious as these helped in securing the validity and existence of the Biennale as a true appreciation for art. There was even an exhibition for Impressionist artist and that same year there were ninety-eight Impressionist pieces of art.The Biennale was an exhibition that appears to be more of a friendly competition and get together between major countries of the world. All of the countries that have previously been at one another’s throats in prior wars all come together to participate in the Biennale that takes places in Venice, Italy. The Biennale brings together a magnitude of countries, despite their differences, and allows them to partake in a mutually pleasing and intellectually stimulating event. The importance of the Biennale is much greater than the sole criticizing of artistic works and abilities.The event brings together a variety of countries with extremely varying viewpoints and opinions to meet communally and peace fully. The Biennale during the presence of fascism and in attempting to be a useful tool of fascism held a much more substantial meaning than multiple countries coming together peacefully. It allowed for Italy to feel unified even if it was on the smallest cultural level of coming together for an art festival, and it also gave the Fascist party yet another opportunity to use propaganda towards the masses to their advantage.In 1932, Giuseppe Volpi was deemed the President of the Biennale and Mussolini was in his tenth year of his regime when, â€Å"a good number of prizes went to pictures of marching Blackshirts, dynamic cranes and planes, idealized Italian landscapes, and women and children saluting Il Duce. † Just prior to this particular Biennale of 1932, Volpi was an active member of the Fascist party, and was most recently the Minister of Finance for Mussolini and the Fascist party. Then again, in 1935 during the film festival aspect of the Biennale, prizes were awarded t o Nazi, Soviet, and Palestinian-Zionist films.Volpi’s ability and willingness to give awards to fascist based artwork, regardless of actual artistic value, was no coincidence. Marla Stone describes Fascist Italy as presenting a paradox with regards to the cultural politics of the authoritarian and totalitarian regimes that reigned in Europe in the time period between World War I and World War II. She states that since, â€Å"No one style, school, or monument summarizes the patronage practices of the Fascist state. Rather, the official culture of Italian Fascism is best defined by its diversities, contradictions, and ambiguities. The culture that was present during fascism closely mirrors the culture of the United States, but with different ingredients. The United States is considered a melting pot with all of the diversities that are represented in the country. Fascist Italy creates its own form of a melting pot, but not with an abundance of ethnic diversity. The â€Å"offi cial culture†, if there was a true â€Å"official culture†, of Fascist Italy was composed of the differences between the Italian people geographically, politically, hierarchically, socially, and of course culturally.Therefore terms that have become popular when speaking of Fascist culture such as â€Å"Fascist realism† and â€Å"Mussolini modern† are irrelevant and inconceivable. Since the beginning of Mussolini’s regime he had always strived to obtain and maintain a mutually beneficial relationship with those who encompass the art world. Under Mussolini’s dictatorship artist were free from censorship as long as they were not openly and actively anti-Fascist, and in return, as a sign of their gratitude, many artists and architects would accept the Fascist regime’s patronage.Certain artists who defied Mussolini’s regime would end up with repercussions. Such is the case with a Venetian abstract painter, Armando Pizzinato, who was an avid member of the Italian Communist Party, and from September 1943 until the end of the war he fought with the partisans and did jail time for certain anti-Fascist activities. However, Pizzinato represents a small portion of the artistic community that was anti-Fascist. The majority of artists cooperated with the Fascist regime, and â€Å"the association between aret and the state was one of mutual recognition and legitimation. Mussolini and his mutually beneficial policies with the art world began to create a more central form of cultural production. Marla Stone refers to the outcome of the newly centralized form of cultural production as a cultural policy of â€Å"aesthetic pluralism – the Mussolini dictatorship’s practice of accepting and supporting a range of aesthetics†. This now meant that there was a magnitude of â€Å"imageries and aesthetic formulations† that represented Fascism and â€Å"were a part of its cultural system, it imaginary and its aesthetic universe. The Fascist party was in a constant search to uncover a single Fascist rhetorical-aesthetic vision while at the same time combining â€Å"modern and avant-garde aesthetics, emerging mass cultural forms, and a discourse of natural culture to produce, during the 1930s, many dynamic and vibrant products. † The products such as exhibitions, fairs, and expositions, that the government produced and were heavily supported by the Fascist party, generated a considerable audience from the Italian population. More specifically speaking, the Biennale was a direct product of the cultural productivity that was being pursued by the Fascist party.Victoria De Grazia argues that the Fascist party was never able to obtain a singular aesthetic vision and identity due to its incapability to mobilize the masses, limits due to the party’s interests, and â€Å"†¦its appropriation of preexisting cultural forms and institutions, which precluded the formation of â €Å"total† Fascist identities†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" The introduction of Exhibitions such as the Biennale were a key component in Fascism’s political aesthetic vision considering the primary goal was to encompass the cultural sphere of Fascist Italy. In doing so, the Fascist party was hoping to unify Italy under a national culture.Exhibitions had multiple purposes to them while aiming to obtain a unified national culture: â€Å"(1) they were primary sites of state patronage; (2) they opened the social boundaries of culture to the mobilized masses; (3) they offered a location for the appropriation of the cultural identities and cultural capital of preexisting elites; and (4) they courted the participation of cultural producers. † The Venetian Biennale and other similar Exhibitions were, for the most part, good for everyone that attended regardless of party affiliation, social status, or job title.World War I, World War II, and the fascism that accompanies them individuall y had a lasting impact on the country of Italy. Venice, in particular, was not prone to mass amounts of devastation as a consequence of the World Wars. The Fascist presence in Venice was very strong even though the actions of the majority of its supporters were minimal. This problem of mobilizing the masses was not just a problem of Fascism’s in Venice, but throughout Italy. The best attempt Fascism had at completely unifying a Fascist Italian culture was through its support of state patronage in the Exhibitions such as the Biennale in Venice.The political differences, ambiguities, and varying class rank made it virtually impossible to create a single Italian culture under Fascism. However, the ability of the Fascist party to participate in state patronage and allow aesthetic pluralism allowed artists to maintain their careers and not have to alter their stylistic ways. The Fascist party did not succeed in creating their own cultural identity under Fascism, but they did allow for a hybrid-like culture to develop. Fascism did many terrible things for the country of Italy, but allowing the aesthetic pluralism to flourish aided unifying the country under one culture.Lucky for Italians it did not create a unified Fascist culture, but rather a hybrid culture unified due to the intervention of Fascism and the varying differences among the Italian people. Bibliography Ackroyd, Peter. Venice: Pure City. New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, 2009. Print. Garrett, Martin. Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion. New York: Interlink, 2001. Print. Hibbert, Christopher. Venice: The Biography of a City. New York: W. W. Norton, 1989. Print. Reich, Jacqueline, and Piero Garofalo. Re-viewing Fascism: Italian Cinema, 1922-1943. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2002. Print. Stone, Marla.The Patron State: Culture & Politics in Fascist Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998. Print. ————————————â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ [ 1 ]. Peter Ackroyd, Venice: Pure City (New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, 2009), 324 [ 2 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 320 [ 3 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 48 [ 4 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 48 [ 5 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 144 [ 6 ].Peter Ackroyd, Venice: Pure City (New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, 2009), 324 [ 7 ]. Peter Ackroyd, Venice: Pure City (New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, 2009), 324 [ 8 ]. Peter Ackroyd, Venice: Pure City (New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, 2009), 324 [ 9 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 144 [ 10 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 46 [ 11 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural an d Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 46 [ 12 ].Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 46 [ 13 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 46 [ 14 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 46 [ 15 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 316 [ 16 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 46 [ 17 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 46 [ 18 ].Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 316-317 [ 19 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 317 [ 20 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 317 [ 21 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (Ne w York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 317 [ 22 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 317 [ 23 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 317 [ 24 ].Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 46 [ 25 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 317 [ 26 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 317 [ 27 ]. Jacqueline Reich and Piero Garofalo, Re-viewing Fascism: Italian Cinema, 1922-1943 (Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2002), 294 [ 28 ]. Jacqueline Reich and Piero Garofalo, Re-viewing Fascism: Italian Cinema, 1922-1943 (Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2002), 294 [ 29 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 318 [ 30 ].Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 318 [ 31 ]. Christopher Hibbert, V enice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 319 [ 32 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 319 [ 33 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 47 [ 34 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 5 [ 35 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 4 [ 36 ].Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 4 [ 37 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 4 [ 38 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 4 [ 39 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 5 [ 40 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: C ulture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 4 [ 41 ].Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 5 [ 42 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 6 [ 43 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 6 [ 44 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 14 [ 45 ]. Marla Stone, The Patron State: Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998), 18 Fascism in Venice Ryan Johnson December 13, 2012 HIST 3400 Soper Venetian Fascism in the Shadow of Wars The qualities that compose fascism are debatable and endless. What is really important about fascism is how it attempted to succeed by influencing not only Venetian, but also Italian culture and society from the beginning of World War I until the end of World War II. Benito Mussolini when speaking on fascism stated that, â€Å"†¦For Fascism, the growth of empire, that is to say the expansion of the nation, is essential manifestation of vitality, and its opposite a sign of decadence†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Enciclopedia Italiana, Handout).The success with which fascism had in expanding the nation is an argument for another time, but the ways they attempted to maintain the â€Å"essential manifestation of vitality† and challenged the boundaries of cultural society in hopes of success are well worth mentioning. Fascism did not have many cultural victories and this could be one aspect of an argument as to why it was a failure. However, one of fascisms greatest â€Å"cultural victories† in Italy can be viewed when studying the floating city of Venice and events that accompanied it.Fascism, as a whole, attempted to conquer in more ways than just obtaining land by means of military victory or tangible items as tokens of their success. As stated above by Mussolini himself, if fascism was indeed to succeed, it needed to support the growth of the Italian nation. The Fascist Party needed to not only influence the Italian people through propaganda, but also gain the support of the Italian nation while challenging the cultural and societal boundaries.In the years between World War I and World War II, fascism made attempting strides to try and create an aesthetic visual for the party, mainly by intervening in society and culture. All moves made by the fascists with regards to culture appeared to be solely instrumental and functional to gaining one hundred percent support of the po pulation in favor of the dictatorship. The effects of World War I, World War II, and fascism can still be seen today in Venetian and Italian culture. World War I was a horrendous time for Italian soldiers fighting in the trenches.Venice was very close to the battle lines on the border with Austria-Hungary, just North of where they lie. Venetians could not only feel the constant threat from the Austrians, but also had a daily reminder when they stepped outside. Venice closed their port, for fear of attack, but they also had to deal with the fact that, â€Å"†¦barrage balloons could be seen†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Barrage balloons had long steel cables attached to them and were mainly used to deter low-flying enemy aircraft from reaching or bombing an area.These defense balloons were used during World War I and II. For the short distance that Venice was from the battlefront they were fairly lucky in how little devastation took place during the war. During World War I Venice was always ex tremely nervous about their next-door neighbors, the Austrians, of attacking the maritime port, but the city never fell to enemy attack. There were very few bombing that occurred in Venice, and the deaths that did take place mainly happened during the â€Å"black-out† hours.These â€Å"black-out† hours would occur in hopes of minimizing the amount of light escaping outside. By doing this, the Venetians were making it very difficult for any sort of aerial attack to bomb their city, port, or boats off of visibility alone. These were the only significant negative effects even worth mentioning that occurred for the city of Venice during World War I. World War II was similar to World War I with regards to the significantly negative effects it had on the city of Venice, there were just about none.As opposed to the devastation that occurred throughout much of Italy, Venice got away pretty nicely. Yet again, the â€Å"blackout† hours when people would fall into the cana l or injure themselves in other ways in the dark were one of the primary contributors to the death toll. It has been stated that Venice remained essentially untouched throughout the duration of the Second World War. However the minute losses that did occur, with exception of Germans capturing Jews, can be summed up in a few sentences. One or two windows were broken; a stray shell hit the tower of San Nicolo del Mendicoli as the Germans were retrateing; and the Tiepolo friezes in the Palazzo Labia were damaged when an ammunition ship exploded in the harbour. † Although the people of Venice saw little to none of the intense fighting, they were not as lucky to maintain an unconquered status during World War II as they had in World War I. For Germany, September 1943 was the beginning of a fairly short control over northern and central Italy that included Venice.Although Germany occupied Venice until April 28, 1945, very few deaths occurred to the Venetian citizens while in the cit y. â€Å"In the city itself a campaign of sabotage was followed by reprisals in which five men were shot in Cannaregio on July 8, 1944; some thirty partisans were executed later that month, followed on August 3 by seven hostages in Riva dell’Impero, called subsequently, in their memory, Riva dei Sette Martiri. † The most extensive part of the death toll came to the Jewish population in Venice with the presence of the Germans in 1943.The Venetians had historically tolerated the Jewish population up until about 1938 with the enactment of new racial laws. After the racial laws, persecution got so bad for the Jewish population, that they were laid off from their job, and grotesque signs were placed on businesses stating â€Å"Dogs and Jews Prohibited†. It only got worse from there after the Germans arrived in 1943, and the open persecution, capture, and killing of Jews from 1943 to 1945 took place.It has been estimated that approximately two hundred Jews were hunted down and sent to concentration camps in the mainland, with some even being deported to Auschwitz. The Germans were so thorough in their cause to vaporize the Jewish population from the earth, they would even go to hospitals to retrieve mentally ill Jewish patients and send them to an early grave. It has been recorded that only eight of the two hundred Venetian Jews captured by the Germans were ever returned home again.The German’s vicious attempts to eliminate the Jewish population and the atrocities that ensued will never be forgotten. With that being said, Venice got out of not only World War I, but also World War II with an extremely minimal death count compared to the millions of lives that were lost as a consequence of the two wars. World War I and II both impacted Venice, but in a fairly nominal way when viewing the status of many other parts of Italy and the world. However, there were two very influential fascist characters that emerge as a product of World War I and are present throughout World War II.These two men are noteworthy fascist figures with one that called Venice a home for a period of his life and another that was a true Venetian. The first man, Gabriele D’Annunzio, assumed a position, as a fascist political figure in Venice, and he was well known even before fascism was created. D’Annunzio was not a native-born Venetian, but was fairly well known in Italy as a â€Å"poet, novelist, playwright, politician (right- and left-wing in rapid succession), and daring First World War pilot who led sorties against Vienna itself†.It was during World War I when D’Annunzio decided to establish his residence in Venice. When he was not contributing to the fighting he could be found at his home, that was located off of the Grand Canal, called Casetta delle Rose. D’Annunzio continues to have a presence in the fascist politics all the way until its eventual demise, but was most famous for his irredentist taking of Fi ume, which is now present-day Rijeka in Croatia. He was angry that Fiume was not ceded to Italy by the Austrians at the end of World War I with the signing of the peace Treaty of Saint-Germain.D’Annunzio ruled over Fiume as a dictator until December of 1921, and it has been said that Benito Mussolini even â€Å"viewed D’Annunzio with a mixture of admiration and envy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  D’Annunzio was a fascist political figure that did not necessarily contribute much to the city of Venice as much as he was solely a constant reminder of the fascist presence. The second man that emerged from the outcome of World War I was an entrepreneurial man by the name of Giuseppe Volpi. Unlike D’Annunzio, Volpi was a native-born Venetian.He was born in Venice in 1877, and before he was thirty years old he had established the Societa Adriatica di Elettricita in the Palazzo Balbi on the Grand Canal, â€Å"which soon had a monopoly on the supply of electricity in the Veneto a nd Emilia-Romagna. † Along with his northeastern electricity monopoly, Volpi was constantly finding new ways to improve and advance Venetian industry. He would dabble in other industries that included petro-chemicals, iron, and shipping that significantly contributed to advancing Venetian industry, more specifically in Porto Marghera.Volpi’s success on top of his founding of Societa Adriatica di Elettricita was substantial; it has been recorded that he was a, â€Å"president or vice-president of twenty other companies, as a member of the boards of forty-six more, and as a major shareholder in over fifty. † During World War I Volpi was the head of a Committee for Industrial Mobilization where his project of turning the old Venetian fortress of Marghera into an industrial port and factory capable area. Volpi was quite successful in his project in Marghera.The area, prior to Volpi’s presence, only contained a thousand inhabitants in 1921. The growth of Marghe ra after Volpi’s intervening was exponential. â€Å"†¦Marghera had grown by 1940 to a town containing fifteen thousand workers in a hundred industries, and by 1967 to one of thirty-five thousand workers in 211 industries. † Volpi’s tremendous success as an entrepreneur and financial guru in northeast Italy, without fail, caught the attention of the Italian government. Volpi was awarded for his successes with the title and position as Governor of Tripoli.Soon after being deemed Governor, and already a standing member of the Fascist party, Volpi was put into office as Mussolini’s Minister of Finance in 1925. It has been stated that Volpi, â€Å"became one of the most successful administrators of the regime. † Three years after Volpi was positioned as Minister of Finance he resigned after disagreeing heavily with Mussolini on the â€Å"artificially high level at which the leader insisted on fixing the exchange rates, and never having become one of his close circle, he concentrated again on Venice and industry. Volpi was always a very influential fascist figure in Venice, but his greatest contribution to the success of the influence of the Fascist party and its cultural production came when he assumed the position as, â€Å"President of the reconstituted Esposizione Biennale Internazionale d’Arte in 1932. † This Exhibition, more commonly known as the Biennale, originated as nothing more than an Exhibition with strange occurrences such as a man’s face that was stuck in rigor mortis known as Supremo Convegno.In 1934, the Fascist government declared the once bi-annual event was to start taking place annually. The success of the Biennale was consistently growing after it was introduced as an annual event. In 1934, there were 41,000 people that showed up, in 1935, 38,500 people, in 1936, 50,000 attended, and in 1937, there was a staggering 60,000 participants. The Biennale by the year 1948 was considered to be one of the most important events in the entire world of art, and the Exhibition got to that point with the help of Giuseppe Volpi as he active President for twelve years. The international respect and publicity the Biennale gained each year was consistently growing. Countries would set up pavilions at the Biennale and present among them even during the Biennale’s early stages were Belgium, Britain, Germany, Hungary, France, Russia, Sweden, Spain, Czechoslovakia, and the United States. Even though the Biennale is an Exhibition where artwork is displayed, it has a sense of friendly competition between countries for who can produce some of the best artwork.During one Biennale exhibition there were not only paintings by nearly all of the best Italian artists under Italy’s pavilion, but also works â€Å"by Picasso and Klee, by Chagall and Kokoschka. The French staged exhibitions by Braque, Rouault, and Maillol, the Belgians by Delvaux and Ensor, the British by Henry Moo re. † The participation of artists as prestigious as these helped in securing the validity and existence of the Biennale as a true appreciation for art. There was even an exhibition for Impressionist artist and that same year there were ninety-eight Impressionist pieces of art.The Biennale was an exhibition that appears to be more of a friendly competition and get together between major countries of the world. All of the countries that have previously been at one another’s throats in prior wars all come together to participate in the Biennale that takes places in Venice, Italy. The Biennale brings together a magnitude of countries, despite their differences, and allows them to partake in a mutually pleasing and intellectually stimulating event. The importance of the Biennale is much greater than the sole criticizing of artistic works and abilities.The event brings together a variety of countries with extremely varying viewpoints and opinions to meet communally and peace fully. The Biennale during the presence of fascism and in attempting to be a useful tool of fascism held a much more substantial meaning than multiple countries coming together peacefully. It allowed for Italy to feel unified even if it was on the smallest cultural level of coming together for an art festival, and it also gave the Fascist party yet another opportunity to use propaganda towards the masses to their advantage.In 1932, Giuseppe Volpi was deemed the President of the Biennale and Mussolini was in his tenth year of his regime when, â€Å"a good number of prizes went to pictures of marching Blackshirts, dynamic cranes and planes, idealized Italian landscapes, and women and children saluting Il Duce. † Just prior to this particular Biennale of 1932, Volpi was an active member of the Fascist party, and was most recently the Minister of Finance for Mussolini and the Fascist party. Then again, in 1935 during the film festival aspect of the Biennale, prizes were awarded t o Nazi, Soviet, and Palestinian-Zionist films.Volpi’s ability and willingness to give awards to fascist based artwork, regardless of actual artistic value, was no coincidence. Marla Stone describes Fascist Italy as presenting a paradox with regards to the cultural politics of the authoritarian and totalitarian regimes that reigned in Europe in the time period between World War I and World War II. She states that since, â€Å"No one style, school, or monument summarizes the patronage practices of the Fascist state. Rather, the official culture of Italian Fascism is best defined by its diversities, contradictions, and ambiguities. The culture that was present during fascism closely mirrors the culture of the United States, but with different ingredients. The United States is considered a melting pot with all of the diversities that are represented in the country. Fascist Italy creates its own form of a melting pot, but not with an abundance of ethnic diversity. The â€Å"offi cial culture†, if there was a true â€Å"official culture†, of Fascist Italy was composed of the differences between the Italian people geographically, politically, hierarchically, socially, and of course culturally.Therefore terms that have become popular when speaking of Fascist culture such as â€Å"Fascist realism† and â€Å"Mussolini modern† are irrelevant and inconceivable. Since the beginning of Mussolini’s regime he had always strived to obtain and maintain a mutually beneficial relationship with those who encompass the art world. Under Mussolini’s dictatorship artist were free from censorship as long as they were not openly and actively anti-Fascist, and in return, as a sign of their gratitude, many artists and architects would accept the Fascist regime’s patronage.Certain artists who defied Mussolini’s regime would end up with repercussions. Such is the case with a Venetian abstract painter, Armando Pizzinato, who was an avid member of the Italian Communist Party, and from September 1943 until the end of the war he fought with the partisans and did jail time for certain anti-Fascist activities. However, Pizzinato represents a small portion of the artistic community that was anti-Fascist. The majority of artists cooperated with the Fascist regime, and â€Å"the association between aret and the state was one of mutual recognition and legitimation. Mussolini and his mutually beneficial policies with the art world began to create a more central form of cultural production. Marla Stone refers to the outcome of the newly centralized form of cultural production as a cultural policy of â€Å"aesthetic pluralism – the Mussolini dictatorship’s practice of accepting and supporting a range of aesthetics†. This now meant that there was a magnitude of â€Å"imageries and aesthetic formulations† that represented Fascism and â€Å"were a part of its cultural system, it imaginary and its aesthetic universe. The Fascist party was in a constant search to uncover a single Fascist rhetorical-aesthetic vision while at the same time combining â€Å"modern and avant-garde aesthetics, emerging mass cultural forms, and a discourse of natural culture to produce, during the 1930s, many dynamic and vibrant products. † The products such as exhibitions, fairs, and expositions, that the government produced and were heavily supported by the Fascist party, generated a considerable audience from the Italian population. More specifically speaking, the Biennale was a direct product of the cultural productivity that was being pursued by the Fascist party.Victoria De Grazia argues that the Fascist party was never able to obtain a singular aesthetic vision and identity due to its incapability to mobilize the masses, limits due to the party’s interests, and â€Å"†¦its appropriation of preexisting cultural forms and institutions, which precluded the formation of â €Å"total† Fascist identities†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" The introduction of Exhibitions such as the Biennale were a key component in Fascism’s political aesthetic vision considering the primary goal was to encompass the cultural sphere of Fascist Italy. In doing so, the Fascist party was hoping to unify Italy under a national culture.Exhibitions had multiple purposes to them while aiming to obtain a unified national culture: â€Å"(1) they were primary sites of state patronage; (2) they opened the social boundaries of culture to the mobilized masses; (3) they offered a location for the appropriation of the cultural identities and cultural capital of preexisting elites; and (4) they courted the participation of cultural producers. † The Venetian Biennale and other similar Exhibitions were, for the most part, good for everyone that attended regardless of party affiliation, social status, or job title.World War I, World War II, and the fascism that accompanies them individuall y had a lasting impact on the country of Italy. Venice, in particular, was not prone to mass amounts of devastation as a consequence of the World Wars. The Fascist presence in Venice was very strong even though the actions of the majority of its supporters were minimal. This problem of mobilizing the masses was not just a problem of Fascism’s in Venice, but throughout Italy. The best attempt Fascism had at completely unifying a Fascist Italian culture was through its support of state patronage in the Exhibitions such as the Biennale in Venice.The political differences, ambiguities, and varying class rank made it virtually impossible to create a single Italian culture under Fascism. However, the ability of the Fascist party to participate in state patronage and allow aesthetic pluralism allowed artists to maintain their careers and not have to alter their stylistic ways. The Fascist party did not succeed in creating their own cultural identity under Fascism, but they did allow for a hybrid-like culture to develop. Fascism did many terrible things for the country of Italy, but allowing the aesthetic pluralism to flourish aided unifying the country under one culture.Lucky for Italians it did not create a unified Fascist culture, but rather a hybrid culture unified due to the intervention of Fascism and the varying differences among the Italian people. Bibliography Ackroyd, Peter. Venice: Pure City. New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, 2009. Print. Garrett, Martin. Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion. New York: Interlink, 2001. Print. Hibbert, Christopher. Venice: The Biography of a City. New York: W. W. Norton, 1989. Print. Reich, Jacqueline, and Piero Garofalo. Re-viewing Fascism: Italian Cinema, 1922-1943. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2002. Print. Stone, Marla.The Patron State: Culture & Politics in Fascist Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1998. Print. ————————————â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ [ 1 ]. Peter Ackroyd, Venice: Pure City (New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, 2009), 324 [ 2 ]. Christopher Hibbert, Venice: The Biography of a City (New York: W. W. Norton, 1989), 320 [ 3 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 48 [ 4 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 48 [ 5 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 144 [ 6 ].Peter Ackroyd, Venice: Pure City (New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, 2009), 324 [ 7 ]. Peter Ackroyd, Venice: Pure City (New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, 2009), 324 [ 8 ]. Peter Ackroyd, Venice: Pure City (New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday, 2009), 324 [ 9 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 144 [ 10 ]. Martin Garrett, Venice: A Cultural and Literary Companion (New York: Interlink, 2001), 46 [ 11 ]. 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